Reports  

Ocean prediction services have been improving and evolving during the last decades, and today are a crucial tool for decision-making in multiple socio-economic sectors, being the backbone of applications to improve marine safety, disaster risk reduction, coastal zone management, and many others. This report describes the actual status of ocean forecasting, detailing its degree of development in the different regions of the world and the most recent advances in all the relevant specific aspects associated with the technology, such as artificial intelligence, and cloud computing. This publication is the result of a coordinated work of a group of experts integrated in the so-called Ocean Forecasting Co-Design, integrated in the OceanPrediction Decade Collaborative Center, a cross-cutting collaborative centre of the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. It has been prepared in close collaboration with several Decade Programmes that are closely linked to OceanPrediction DCC, such as Foresea, OceanPractices, DITTO, GEMS-ocean, and Coastpredict. The result is a complete picture of the situation of ocean prediction that demonstrates its relevance and will foster future developments to overcome the present-day limitations.