Articles | Volume 4-osr8
https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-4-osr8-8-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-4-osr8-8-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
30 Sep 2024
| OSR8 | Chapter 2.6
| 30 Sep 2024 | OSR8 | Chapter 2.6
Surface and bottom marine heatwave characteristics in the Barents Sea: a model study
Department of Oceanography & Climate, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
Polar Climate Group, Bjerknes Center for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
Roshin P. Raj
Polar Climate Group, Bjerknes Center for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
Ocean and Sea Ice Remote Sensing Group, Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, Bergen, Norway
Sourav Chatterjee
National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Vasco-da-Gama, India
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State Planet, 4-osr8, 2, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-4-osr8-2-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-4-osr8-2-2024, 2024
Marta Umbert, Eva De Andrés, Maria Sánchez, Carolina Gabarró, Nina Hoareau, Veronica González-Gambau, Aina García-Espriu, Estrella Olmedo, Roshin P. Raj, Jiping Xie, and Rafael Catany
Ocean Sci., 20, 279–291, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-279-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-279-2024, 2024
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Satellite retrievals of sea surface salinity (SSS) offer insights into freshwater changes in the Arctic Ocean. This study evaluates freshwater content in the Beaufort Gyre using SMOS and reanalysis data, revealing underestimation with reanalysis alone. Incorporating satellite SSS measurements improves freshwater content estimation, especially near ice-melting areas. Adding remotely sensed salinity aids in monitoring Arctic freshwater content and in understanding its impact on global climate.
Sheila Kirkwood, Evgenia Belova, Peter Voelger, Sourav Chatterjee, and Karathazhiyath Satheesan
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 4215–4227, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4215-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4215-2023, 2023
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We compared 2 years of wind measurements by the Aeolus satellite with winds from two wind-profiler radars in Arctic Sweden and coastal Antarctica. Biases are similar in magnitude to results from other locations. They are smaller than in earlier studies due to more comparison points and improved criteria for data rejection. On the other hand, the standard deviation is somewhat higher because of degradation of the Aeolus lidar.
Jiping Xie, Roshin P. Raj, Laurent Bertino, Justino Martínez, Carolina Gabarró, and Rafael Catany
Ocean Sci., 19, 269–287, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-269-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-269-2023, 2023
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Sea ice melt, together with other freshwater sources, has effects on the Arctic environment. Sea surface salinity (SSS) plays a key role in representing water mixing. Recently the satellite SSS from SMOS was developed in the Arctic region. In this study, we first evaluate the impact of assimilating these satellite data in an Arctic reanalysis system. It shows that SSS errors are reduced by 10–50 % depending on areas, encouraging its use in a long-time reanalysis to monitor the Arctic water cycle.
Vidar S. Lien, Angelika H. H. Renner, Mari S. Myksvoll, Johnny A. Johannessen, Jeremy Cook, Helene Spurkeland, and Ronald Toppe
State Planet Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2022-12, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2022-12, 2022
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The One Ocean Expedition, a part of the United Nations Ocean Decade, is a sailing voyage where a traditional tall ship equipped with state-of-the-art ocean observation technology is circumnavigating the globe with a crew consisting of students, scientists, trainees and professionals. The focus for the expedition is awareness raising and education through showcasing ocean science using a traditional tall ship as a platform.
Vidar S. Lien and Roshin P. Raj
State Planet Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2022-13, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2022-13, 2022
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Dense overflow water entering the North Atlantic from the Nordic Seas forms the northern limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. The formation of dense water in the Nordic Seas is sensitive to the properties of the northward flowing Atlantic Water entering the Nordic Seas to the south. We find that the unprecedented freshwater anomaly in the North Atlantic recent years caused the dense water formed in the Barents Sea to have the lowest density in recorded history.
Martin Horwath, Benjamin D. Gutknecht, Anny Cazenave, Hindumathi Kulaiappan Palanisamy, Florence Marti, Ben Marzeion, Frank Paul, Raymond Le Bris, Anna E. Hogg, Inès Otosaka, Andrew Shepherd, Petra Döll, Denise Cáceres, Hannes Müller Schmied, Johnny A. Johannessen, Jan Even Øie Nilsen, Roshin P. Raj, René Forsberg, Louise Sandberg Sørensen, Valentina R. Barletta, Sebastian B. Simonsen, Per Knudsen, Ole Baltazar Andersen, Heidi Ranndal, Stine K. Rose, Christopher J. Merchant, Claire R. Macintosh, Karina von Schuckmann, Kristin Novotny, Andreas Groh, Marco Restano, and Jérôme Benveniste
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Global mean sea-level change observed from 1993 to 2016 (mean rate of 3.05 mm yr−1) matches the combined effect of changes in water density (thermal expansion) and ocean mass. Ocean-mass change has been assessed through the contributions from glaciers, ice sheets, and land water storage or directly from satellite data since 2003. Our budget assessments of linear trends and monthly anomalies utilise new datasets and uncertainty characterisations developed within ESA's Climate Change Initiative.
Justino Martínez, Carolina Gabarró, Antonio Turiel, Verónica González-Gambau, Marta Umbert, Nina Hoareau, Cristina González-Haro, Estrella Olmedo, Manuel Arias, Rafael Catany, Laurent Bertino, Roshin P. Raj, Jiping Xie, Roberto Sabia, and Diego Fernández
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 307–323, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-307-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-307-2022, 2022
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Measuring salinity from space is challenging since the sensitivity of the brightness temperature to sea surface salinity is low, but the retrieval of SSS in cold waters is even more challenging. In 2019, the ESA launched a specific initiative called Arctic+Salinity to produce an enhanced Arctic SSS product with better quality and resolution than the available products. This paper presents the methodologies used to produce the new enhanced Arctic SMOS SSS product.
Amy Solomon, Céline Heuzé, Benjamin Rabe, Sheldon Bacon, Laurent Bertino, Patrick Heimbach, Jun Inoue, Doroteaciro Iovino, Ruth Mottram, Xiangdong Zhang, Yevgeny Aksenov, Ronan McAdam, An Nguyen, Roshin P. Raj, and Han Tang
Ocean Sci., 17, 1081–1102, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1081-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1081-2021, 2021
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Freshwater in the Arctic Ocean plays a critical role in the global climate system by impacting ocean circulations, stratification, mixing, and emergent regimes. In this review paper we assess how Arctic Ocean freshwater changed in the 2010s relative to the 2000s. Estimates from observations and reanalyses show a qualitative stabilization in the 2010s due to a compensation between a freshening of the Beaufort Gyre and a reduction in freshwater in the Amerasian and Eurasian basins.
Evgenia Belova, Peter Voelger, Sheila Kirkwood, Susanna Hagelin, Magnus Lindskog, Heiner Körnich, Sourav Chatterjee, and Karathazhiyath Satheesan
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 2813–2825, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2813-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2813-2021, 2021
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We validate horizontal wind measurements at altitudes of 0.5–14 km made with atmospheric radars: ESRAD located near Kiruna in the Swedish Arctic and MARA at the Indian research station Maitri in Antarctica, by comparison with radiosondes, the regional model HARMONIE-AROME and the ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis. Good agreement was found in general, and radar bias and uncertainty were estimated. These radars are planned to be used for validation of winds measured by lidar by the ESA satellite Aeolus.
Sourav Chatterjee, Roshin P. Raj, Laurent Bertino, Sebastian H. Mernild, Meethale Puthukkottu Subeesh, Nuncio Murukesh, and Muthalagu Ravichandran
The Cryosphere, 15, 1307–1319, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1307-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1307-2021, 2021
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Sea ice in the Greenland Sea (GS) is important for its climatic (fresh water), economical (shipping), and ecological contribution (light availability). The study proposes a mechanism through which sea ice concentration in GS is partly governed by the atmospheric and ocean circulation in the region. The mechanism proposed in this study can be useful for assessing the sea ice variability and its future projection in the GS.
Anna V. Vesman, Igor L. Bashmachnikov, Pavel A. Golubkin, and Roshin P. Raj
Ocean Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2020-109, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2020-109, 2020
Revised manuscript not accepted
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Atlantic Waters carry heat and salt towards Arctic. The goal of this study was to study how the heat flux changes with its journey to the north. It was shown that despite the fact that there is some connection between variability of the heat flux near the shores of Norway and heat fluxes in the northern part of the Fram Strait. There are different processes governing this variability, which results in a different tendencies in the southern and northern regions of the study.
Sylvain Watelet, Øystein Skagseth, Vidar S. Lien, Helge Sagen, Øivind Østensen, Viktor Ivshin, and Jean-Marie Beckers
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2447–2457, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2447-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2447-2020, 2020
Short summary
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We present here a seasonal atlas of the Barents Sea including both temperature and salinity for the period 1965–2016. This atlas is curated using several in situ data sources interpolated thanks to the tool DIVA minimizing the expected errors. The results show a recent "Atlantification" of the Barents Sea, i.e., a general increase in both temperature and salinity, while its density remains stable. The atlas is made freely accessible (https://doi.org/10.21335/NMDC-2058021735).
Roshin P. Raj, Sourav Chatterjee, Laurent Bertino, Antonio Turiel, and Marcos Portabella
Ocean Sci., 15, 1729–1744, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1729-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1729-2019, 2019
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In this study we investigated the variability of the Arctic Front (AF), an important biologically productive region in the Norwegian Sea, using a suite of satellite data, atmospheric reanalysis and a regional coupled ocean–sea ice data assimilation system. We show evidence of the two-way interaction between the atmosphere and the ocean at the AF. The North Atlantic Oscillation is found to influence the strength of the AF and may have a profound influence on the region's biological productivity.
Jiping Xie, Roshin P. Raj, Laurent Bertino, Annette Samuelsen, and Tsuyoshi Wakamatsu
Ocean Sci., 15, 1191–1206, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1191-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1191-2019, 2019
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Two gridded sea surface salinity (SSS) products have been derived from the European Space Agency’s Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity mission. The uncertainties of these two products in the Arctic are quantified against two SSS products in the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Services, two climatologies, and other in situ data. The results compared with independent in situ data clearly show a common challenge for the six SSS products to represent central Arctic freshwater masses (<24 psu).
I. A. Dmitrenko, S. A. Kirillov, N. Serra, N. V. Koldunov, V. V. Ivanov, U. Schauer, I. V. Polyakov, D. Barber, M. Janout, V. S. Lien, M. Makhotin, and Y. Aksenov
Ocean Sci., 10, 719–730, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-719-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-719-2014, 2014
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Short summary
We find that major marine heatwaves are rather coherent throughout the Barents Sea, but surface marine heatwaves occur more frequently while heatwaves on the ocean floor have a longer duration. Moreover, we investigate the sensitivity to the choice of climatological average length when calculating marine heatwave statistics. Our results indicate that severe marine heatwaves may become more frequent in the future Barents Sea due to ongoing climate change.
We find that major marine heatwaves are rather coherent throughout the Barents Sea, but surface...
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