Articles | Volume 4-osr8
https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-4-osr8-5-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-4-osr8-5-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
30 Sep 2024
| OSR8 | Chapter 2.3
| 30 Sep 2024 | OSR8 | Chapter 2.3
Monitoring main ocean currents of the Iberia–Biscay–Ireland region
Álvaro de Pascual Collar
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Nologin Oceanic Weather Systems, Paseo de la Castellana 216, 8th Floor, Office 811, 28046 Madrid, Spain
Roland Aznar
Nologin Oceanic Weather Systems, Paseo de la Castellana 216, 8th Floor, Office 811, 28046 Madrid, Spain
Bruno Levier
Mercator Ocean International, 2 Av. de l'Aérodrome de Montaudran, 31400 Toulouse, France
Marcos García Sotillo
Nologin Oceanic Weather Systems, Paseo de la Castellana 216, 8th Floor, Office 811, 28046 Madrid, Spain
Related authors
Álvaro de Pascual-Collar, Marcos G. Sotillo, Bruno Levier, Roland Aznar, Pablo Lorente, Arancha Amo-Baladrón, and Enrique Álvarez-Fanjul
Ocean Sci., 15, 565–582, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-565-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-565-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW) is a dense water mass originated in the Gibraltar Straight. The CMEMS IBI ocean reanalysis is used to provide a detailed view of the circulation and mixing processes of MOW near the Iberian and African Continental slopes. This work emphasizes the relevance of the complex bathymetric features defining the circulation and variability processes of MOW in this region.
Fabrice Hernandez, Marcos Garcia Sotillo, and Angelique Melet
State Planet Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-39, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-39, 2024
Preprint under review for SP
Short summary
Short summary
An historical review over the last three decades on intercomparison projects of ocean numerical reanalysis or forecast is first proposed. From this, main issues and lessons learned are discussed in order to propose an overview of best practices and key considerations to facilitate intercomparison activities in operational oceanography.
Liying Wan, Marcos Garcia Sotillo, Mike Bell, Yann Drillet, Roland Aznar, and Stefania Ciliberti
State Planet Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-21, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-21, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for SP
Short summary
Short summary
Operational ocean forecasting systems integrate advanced numerical modelling, aimed at resolving ocean dynamics and processes from global to coastal scale, and robust computational suites that are devoted to run models, orchestrating different data pre- and post-processing blocks, with the ultimate goal of providing high quality and reliable ocean forecasts. The main phases of its workflow are: pre-processing, modelling component(s) run, and post-processing.
Marcos G. Sotillo, Marie Drevillon, and Fabrice Hernandez
State Planet Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-33, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-33, 2024
Preprint under review for SP
Short summary
Short summary
Operational forecasting systems requires best practices for assessing the quality of ocean products. The Authors discusses on the role of observing network for performing validation of ocean models, identifying current gaps, but also emphasizing the need of new metrics. An analysis on the level of maturity of validation processes from global to regional systems is provided. A rich variety of approaches exists. Example of Copernicus Marine product quality organization is provided.
Álvaro de Pascual-Collar, Roland Aznar, Bruno Levier, and Marcos García-Sotillo
State Planet, 1-osr7, 9, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-1-osr7-9-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-1-osr7-9-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The article comprises the analysis of the ocean heat content in the northeastern Atlantic Iberian–Biscay–Ireland (IBI) region. The variability of ocean heat content is studied, and results are linked with the variability of the main water masses found in the region. Results show how the coupled interannual variability of water masses accounts for an important part of the total ocean heat content variability in the region.
Stefania A. Ciliberti, Enrique Alvarez Fanjul, Jay Pearlman, Kirsten Wilmer-Becker, Pierre Bahurel, Fabrice Ardhuin, Alain Arnaud, Mike Bell, Segolene Berthou, Laurent Bertino, Arthur Capet, Eric Chassignet, Stefano Ciavatta, Mauro Cirano, Emanuela Clementi, Gianpiero Cossarini, Gianpaolo Coro, Stuart Corney, Fraser Davidson, Marie Drevillon, Yann Drillet, Renaud Dussurget, Ghada El Serafy, Katja Fennel, Marcos Garcia Sotillo, Patrick Heimbach, Fabrice Hernandez, Patrick Hogan, Ibrahim Hoteit, Sudheer Joseph, Simon Josey, Pierre-Yves Le Traon, Simone Libralato, Marco Mancini, Pascal Matte, Angelique Melet, Yasumasa Miyazawa, Andrew M. Moore, Antonio Novellino, Andrew Porter, Heather Regan, Laia Romero, Andreas Schiller, John Siddorn, Joanna Staneva, Cecile Thomas-Courcoux, Marina Tonani, Jose Maria Garcia-Valdecasas, Jennifer Veitch, Karina von Schuckmann, Liying Wan, John Wilkin, and Romane Zufic
State Planet, 1-osr7, 2, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-1-osr7-2-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-1-osr7-2-2023, 2023
Álvaro de Pascual-Collar, Marcos G. Sotillo, Bruno Levier, Roland Aznar, Pablo Lorente, Arancha Amo-Baladrón, and Enrique Álvarez-Fanjul
Ocean Sci., 15, 565–582, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-565-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-565-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW) is a dense water mass originated in the Gibraltar Straight. The CMEMS IBI ocean reanalysis is used to provide a detailed view of the circulation and mixing processes of MOW near the Iberian and African Continental slopes. This work emphasizes the relevance of the complex bathymetric features defining the circulation and variability processes of MOW in this region.
Jean-Michel Lellouche, Eric Greiner, Olivier Le Galloudec, Gilles Garric, Charly Regnier, Marie Drevillon, Mounir Benkiran, Charles-Emmanuel Testut, Romain Bourdalle-Badie, Florent Gasparin, Olga Hernandez, Bruno Levier, Yann Drillet, Elisabeth Remy, and Pierre-Yves Le Traon
Ocean Sci., 14, 1093–1126, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1093-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1093-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In the coming decades, a strong growth of the ocean economy is expected. Scientific advances in operational oceanography will play a crucial role in addressing many environmental challenges and in the development of ocean-related economic activities. In this context, remarkable improvements have been achieved with the current Mercator Ocean system. 3-D water masses, sea level, sea ice and currents have been improved, and thus major oceanic variables are hard to distinguish from the data.
Cited articles
Amo-Baladrón, A., Levier, B., Aznar, R., and Sotillo, M. G.: Copernicus Marine Service Product User Manual for the Atlantic -Iberian Biscay Irish- Ocean Physics Reanalysis, IBI_MULTIYEAR_PHY_005_002, Issue 4.1, Mercator Ocean International, https://catalogue.marine.copernicus.eu/documents/PUM/CMEMS-IBI-PUM-005-002.pdf (last access: 29 April 2024), 2022.
Benzohra, M. and Millot, C.: Characteristics and circulation of the surface and intermediate water masses off Algeria, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 42, 1803–1830, https://doi.org/10.1016/0967-0637(95)00043-6, 1995.
Bower, A. S., Le Cann, B., Rossby, T., Zenk, T., Gould, J., Speer, K., Richardson, P. L., Prater, M. D., and Zhang, H.-M.: Directly measured mid-depth circulation in the northeastern North Atlantic Ocean, Nature, 419, 603–607, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01078, 2002.
Bozec, A., Lozier, M. S., Chasignet, E. P., and Halliwel, G. R.: On the variability of the Mediterranean Outflow Water in the North Atlantic from 1948 to 2006, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 116, C09033, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007191, 2011.
Cavagnaro, R. J., Copping, A. E., Green, R., Greene, D., Jenne, S., Rose, D., and Overhus, D.: Powering the blue economy: Progress exploring marine renewable energy integration with ocean observations, Mar. Technol. Soc. J., 54, 114–125, https://doi.org/10.4031/MTSJ.54.6.11, 2020.
Daewel, U. T. E., Peck, M. A., Kuehn, W., St. John, M. A., Alekseeva, I., and Schrum, C.: Coupling ecosystem and individual-based models to simulate the influence of environmental variability on potential growth and survival of larval sprat (Sprattus sprattus L.) in the North Sea, Fish. Oceanogr., 17, 333–351, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2419.2008.00482.x, 2008.
Daniault, N., Mazé, J. P., and Arhan, M.: Circulation and mixing of Mediterranean Water west of the Iberian Peninsula, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 41, 1685–1714, https://doi.org/10.1016/0967-0637(94)90068-X, 1994.
de Pascual-Collar, Á., G. Sotillo, M., Levier, B., Aznar, R., Lorente, P., Amo-Baladrón, A., and Álvarez-Fanjul, E.: Regional circulation patterns of Mediterranean Outflow Water near the Iberian and African continental slopes, Ocean Sci., 15, 565–582, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-565-2019, 2019.
Drévillon, M., Lellouche, J.-M., Régnier, C., Garric, G., Bricaud, C., Hernandez, O., and Bourdallé-Badie, R.: EU Copernicus Marine Service Product Quality Information Document for the Global Ocean Physics Reanalysis, GLOBAL_MULTIYEAR_PHY_001_030, Issue 1.6, Mercator Ocean International, https://catalogue.marine.copernicus.eu/documents/QUID/CMEMS-GLO-QUID-001-030.pdf (last access: 29 April 2024), 2023a.
Drévillon, M., Fernandez, E., and Lellouche J. M.: Copernicus Marine Service Product User Manual for the Global Ocean Physics Reanalysis, GLOBAL_MULTIYEAR_PHY_001_030, Issue 1.5, Mercator Ocean International, https://catalogue.marine.copernicus.eu/documents/PUM/CMEMS-GLO-PUM-001-030.pdf (last access: 29 April 2024), 2023b.
Escudier, R., Clementi, E., Nigam, T., Aydogdu, A., Fini, E., Pistoia, J, Grandi, A., and Miraglio, P.: Copernicus Marine Service Product Quality Information Document for the Mediterranean Sea Physics Reanalysis, MEDSEA_MULTIYEAR_PHY_006_004, Issue 2.3, https://catalogue.marine.copernicus.eu/documents/QUID/CMEMS-MED-QUID-006-004.pdf (last access: 29 April 2024), 2022.
EU Copernicus Marine Service Product: Mean Volume Transport across sections from Reanalysis, Mercator Ocean International [data set], https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00247, 2019.
EU Copernicus Marine Service Product: Atlantic- European North West Shelf- Ocean Physics Reanalysis, Mercator Ocean International [data set], https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00059, 2021.
EU Copernicus Marine Service Product: Atlantic-Iberian Biscay Irish- Ocean Physics Reanalysis, Mercator Ocean International [data set], https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00029, 2022a.
EU Copernicus Marine Service Product: Mediterranean Sea Physics Reanalysis, Mercator Ocean International [data set], https://doi.org/10.25423/CMCC/MEDSEA_MULTIYEAR_PHY_006_004_E3R1, 2022b.
EU Copernicus Marine Service Product: Global Ocean Physics Reanalysis, Mercator Ocean International [data set], https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00021, 2023a.
EU Copernicus Marine Service Product: Multi Observation Global Ocean 3D Temperature Salinity Height Geostrophic Current and MLD, Mercator Ocean International [data set], https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00052, 2023b.
Fasullo, J. T. and Trenberth, K. E.: The annual cycle of the energy budget. Part II: Meridional structures and poleward transports, J. Climate, 21, 2313–2325, https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JCLI1936.1, 2008.
Fofonoff, N. P. and Millard Jr., R. C.: Algorithms for the computation of fundamental properties of seawater. Paris, France, UNESCO, UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Sciences; 44, 53 pp., https://doi.org/10.25607/OBP-1450, 1983.
Font, J., Millot, C., Salas, J., Juliá, A., and Chic, O.: The drift of Modified Atlantic Water from the Alboran Sea to the eastern Mediterranean, Sci. Mar., 62, 211–216, https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.1998.62n3211, 1998.
Friocourt, Y., Levier, B., Speich, S., Blanke, B., and Drijfhout, S. S.: A regional numerical ocean model of the circulation in the Bay of Biscay, J. Geophys. Res., 112, C09008, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JC003935, 2007.
Greiner, E., Verbrugge, N., Mulet, S., and Guinehut, S.: EU Copernicus Marine Service Product Quality Information Document for the Multi Observation Global Ocean 3D Temperature Salinity Heights Geostrophic Currents and MLD, MULTIOBS_GLO_PHY_TSUV_3D_MYNRT_015_012, Issue 1.2, Mercator Ocean International, https://catalogue.marine.copernicus.eu/documents/QUID/CMEMS-MOB-QUID-015-012.pdf (last access: 29 April 2024), 2023.
Holliday, N. P.: Air-sea interactionand circulation changes in the north-east Atlantic, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 3259, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JC001344, 2003.
Holliday, N. P., Hughes, S. L., Bacon, S., Beszczynska-Möller, A., Hansen, B., Lavín, A., Loeng, H., Mork, K. A., Østerhus, S., Sherwin, T., and Walczowski, W.: Reversal of the 1960s to 1990s freshening trend in the northeast North Atlantic and Nordic Seas, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L03614, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL032675, 2008.
Jia, Y.: Formation of an Azores Current Due to Mediterranean Overflow in a Modeling Study of the North Atlantic, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 30, 9, 2342–2358, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2000)030<2342:FOAACD>2.0.CO;2, 2000.
Knoll, M., Hernández-Guerra, A., Lenz, B., López Laatzen, F., Machín, F., Müller, T. J., and Siedler, G.: The Eastern Boundary Current system between the Canary Islands and the African Coast, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 49–17, 3427–3440, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00105-4, 2002.
Lecci, R., Drudi, M., Grandi, A., Cretì, S., and Clementi, E.: Copernicus Marine Service Product User Manual for Mediterranenan Sea Physics Reanalysis, MEDSEA_MULTIYEAR_PHY_006_004, Issue 2.3, https://catalogue.marine.copernicus.eu/documents/PUM/CMEMS-MED-PUM-006-004.pdf (last access: 29 April 2024), 2022.
Levier, B., Reffray, G., Sotillo, M.G.: EU Copernicus Marine Service Product Quality Information Document for the Atlantic-Iberian Biscay Irish- Ocean Physics Reanalysis, IBI_MULTIYEAR_PHY_005_002, Issue 5.1, Mercator Ocean International, https://catalogue.marine.copernicus.eu/documents/QUID/CMEMS-IBI-QUID-005-002.pdf (last access: 29 April 2024), 2022.
Lozier, M. S. and Stewart, N. M.: On the temporally varying penetration ofMediterranean overflowwaters and eastward penetration ofLabrador Sea Water, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 38, 2097–2103, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JPO3908.1, 2008.
Machín, F., Pelegrí, J. L., Fraile-Nuez, E., Vélez-Belchí, P., López-Laatzen, F., and Hernández-Guerra, A.: Seasonal Flow Reversals of Intermediate Waters in the Canary Current System East of the Canary Islands, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 40, 1902–1909, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JPO4320.1, 2010.
Mason, E., Colas, F., Molemaker, J., Shchepetkin, A. F., Troupin, C., McWilliams, J. C., and Sangra, P.: Seasonal variability of the Canary Current: A numerical study, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 116, C06001, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006665, 2011.
New, A. L. and Smythe-Wright, D.: Aspects of the circulation in the Rockall Trough, Cont. Shelf Res., 21, 777–810, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(00)00113-8, 2001.
Pascual, A., Levier ,B., Sotillo, M., Verbrugge, N., Aznar, R., and Le Cann, B.: Characterization of Mediterranean Outflow Water in the Iberia-Gulf of Biscay-Ireland region, in: von Schuckmann et al. (2018) The Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service Ocean State Report, J. Oper. Oceanogr., 11, S1–S142, https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2018.1489208, 2018.
Peliz, A., Dubert, J., Marchesiello, P., and Teles-Machado, A.: Surface circulation in the Gulf of Cadiz: Model and mean flow structure, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, C11015, 112, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JC004159, 2007.
Pérez, F. F., Castro, C. G., Álvarez-Salgado, X. A., and Ríos, A. F.: Coupling between the Iberian basin-scale circulation and the Portugal boundary current system: a chemical study, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 48, 1519–1533, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(00)00101-1, 2001.
Rayner, R., Jolly, C., and Gouldman, C.: Ocean observing and the blue economy, Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, 330, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00330, 2019.
Renshaw, R., Wakelin, S., Golbeck, I., and O'Dea, E.: Quality Information Document for the Atlantic–European North West Shelf- Ocean Physics Reanalysis, NWSHELF_MULTIYEAR_PHY_004_009, Issue 5.2, Mercator Ocean International, https://catalogue.marine.copernicus.eu/documents/QUID/CMEMS-NWS-QUID-004-009.pdf (last access: 5 July 2023), 2021.
Sotillo, M. G., Cailleau, S., Lorente, P., Levier, B., Aznar, R., Reffray, G., Amo-Baladrón, A., Chanut, J., Benkiran, M., and Alvarez-Fanjul, E.: The MyOcean IBI Ocean forecast and reanalysis systems: operational products and roadmap to the future Copernicus Service, J. Oper. Oceanogr., 8, 63–79, https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2015.1014663, 2015.
Sotillo, M. G., Amo-Baladrón, A., Padorno, E., Garcia-Ladona, E., Orfila, A., Rodríguez-Rubio, P., Conti, D., Jiménez Madrid, J. A., de los Santos, F. J., and Alvarez Fanjul E.: How is the surface Atlantic water inflow through the Gibraltar Strait forecasted? A lagrangian validation of operational oceanographic services in the Alboran Sea and the Western Mediterranean, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 133, 100–117, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.05.020, 2016.
Tintoré, J., La Violette, P. E., Blade, I., and Cruzado, A.: A study of an intense density front in the eastern Alboran Sea: the Almeria–Oran front, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 18, 1384–1397, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1988)018<1384:ASOAID>2.0.CO;2, 1988.
Tonani, M., Ascione, I., and Saulter, A.: Product User Manual for the Atlantic- European North West Shelf- Ocean Physics Reanalysis, NWSHELF_MULTIYEAR_PHY_004_009, Issue 1.3, Mercator Ocean International, https://catalogue.marine.copernicus.eu/documents/PUM/CMEMS-NWS-PUM-004-009-011.pdf (last access: 5 July 2023), 2022.
van Aken, H. M.: The hydrography of the mid-latitude North- east Atlantic Ocean II: The intermediate water masses, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 47, 789–824, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(99)00112-0, 2000.
Verbrugge, N.: Copernicus Marine Service Product User Manual for the Multi Observation Global Ocean 3D Temperature Salinity Heights Geostrophic Currents and MLD, MULTIOBS_GLO_PHY_TSUV_3D_MYNRT_015_012, Issue: 1.2, Mercator Ocean International, https://catalogue.marine.copernicus.eu/documents/PUM/CMEMS-MOB-PUM-015-012.pdf (last access: 29 April 2024), 2023.
White, M. and Bowyer, P.: The shelf-edge current north-west of Ireland, Ann. Geophys., 15, 1076–1083, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00585-997-1076-0, 1997.
Short summary
The Iberia–Biscay–Ireland region in the North Atlantic has diverse ocean currents impacting upper and deeper layers. These currents are vital for heat transport, species dispersion, and sediment and pollutant movement. Monitoring them is crucial for informed decision-making in ocean-related activities, including the blue economy sector. This study introduces an indicator to track these currents, covering main ones like the Azores, Canary, Portugal, and poleward slope currents.
The Iberia–Biscay–Ireland region in the North Atlantic has diverse ocean currents impacting...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint