Sea Level Rise in Europe: Impacts and consequences

van de Wal, Roderik; Melet, Angélique; Bellafiore, Debora; Camus, Paula; Ferrarin, Christian; Oude Essink, Gualbert; Haigh, Ivan D.; Lionello, Piero; Luijendijk, Arjen; Toimil, Alexandra; Staneva, Joanna; Vousdoukas, Michalis

doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-3-slre1-5-2024

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https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-3-slre1-5-2024

Report:

Sea Level Rise in Europe: 1st Assessment Report of the Knowledge Hub on Sea Level Rise

https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-3-slre1-5-2024

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29 Oct 2024

| SLRE1 | Chapter 5

| 29 Oct 2024 | SLRE1 | Chapter 5

Sea Level Rise in Europe: Impacts and consequences

Roderik van de Wal, Angélique Melet, Debora Bellafiore, Paula Camus, Christian Ferrarin, Gualbert Oude Essink, Ivan D. Haigh, Piero Lionello, Arjen Luijendijk, Alexandra Toimil, Joanna Staneva, and Michalis Vousdoukas

Roderik van de Wal

CORRESPONDING AUTHOR

r.s.w.vandewal@uu.nl

Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands

Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB Utrecht, the Netherlands

Angélique Melet

CORRESPONDING AUTHOR

amelet@mercator-ocean.fr

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3888-8159

Mercator Ocean International, 31400 Toulouse, France

Debora Bellafiore

ISMAR – Institute of Marine Sciences, CNR – National Research Council of Italy, 30122 Venice, Italy

Paula Camus

Geomatics and Ocean Engineering Group, Department of Sciences and Technologies of Water and Environment, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain

Christian Ferrarin

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1172-1463

ISMAR – Institute of Marine Sciences, CNR – National Research Council of Italy, 30122 Venice, Italy

Gualbert Oude Essink

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0931-6944

Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB Utrecht, the Netherlands

Deltares, Boussinesqweg 1, 2629 HV Delft, the Netherlands

Ivan D. Haigh

School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK

Piero Lionello

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0779-5681

Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy

Arjen Luijendijk

Deltares, Boussinesqweg 1, 2629 HV Delft, the Netherlands

Alexandra Toimil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2067-872X

IHCantabria – Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de la Universidad de Cantabria, Isabel Torres 15, 39011 Santander, Spain

Joanna Staneva

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4553-392X

Department on Hydrodynamics and Data Assimilation, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon GmbH, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany

Michalis Vousdoukas

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2655-6181

Department of Marine Sciences, University the Aegean, 81100 Mytilene, Greece

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Total: 3,024
BibTeX: 31
EndNote: 32

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Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 18 Dec 2023)

Total article views: 1,745 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)

HTML	PDF	XML	Total	BibTeX	EndNote
1,413	183	149	1,745	14	12

HTML: 1,413
PDF: 183
XML: 149
Total: 1,745
BibTeX: 14
EndNote: 12

Views and downloads (calculated since 29 Oct 2024)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Oct 2024	28	4	2	34
Nov 2024	288	50	3	341
Dec 2024	246	22	0	268
Jan 2025	272	26	0	298
Feb 2025	187	18	43	248
Mar 2025	197	29	55	281
Apr 2025	195	34	46	275

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 29 Oct 2024)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Oct 2024	28	4	2	34
Nov 2024	288	50	3	341
Dec 2024	246	22	0	268
Jan 2025	272	26	0	298
Feb 2025	187	18	43	248
Mar 2025	197	29	55	281
Apr 2025	195	34	46	275

Total article views: 1,279 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)

HTML	PDF	XML	Total	BibTeX	EndNote
879	368	32	1,279	17	20

HTML: 879
PDF: 368
XML: 32
Total: 1,279
BibTeX: 17
EndNote: 20

Views and downloads (calculated since 18 Dec 2023)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Oct 2024	28	4	2	34
Nov 2024	288	50	3	341
Dec 2024	246	22	0	268
Jan 2025	272	26	0	298
Feb 2025	187	18	43	248
Mar 2025	197	29	55	281
Apr 2025	195	34	46	275

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 18 Dec 2023)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Oct 2024	28	4	2	34
Nov 2024	288	50	3	341
Dec 2024	246	22	0	268
Jan 2025	272	26	0	298
Feb 2025	187	18	43	248
Mar 2025	197	29	55	281
Apr 2025	195	34	46	275

Viewed (geographical distribution)

Show all Final revised paper only Preprint only

Total article views: 3,024 (including HTML, PDF, and XML) Thereof 2,859 with geography defined and 165 with unknown origin.

Total article views: 1,745 (including HTML, PDF, and XML) Thereof 1,655 with geography defined and 90 with unknown origin.

Total article views: 1,279 (including HTML, PDF, and XML) Thereof 1,204 with geography defined and 75 with unknown origin.

Country	#	Views	%
United States of America	1	1016	33
Germany	2	255	8
France	3	160	5
Netherlands	4	147	4
Italy	5	146	4

Country	#	Views	%
United States of America	1	667	38
Germany	2	127	7
Netherlands	3	83	4
France	4	74	4
China	5	66	3

Country	#	Views	%
United States of America	1	349	27
Germany	2	128	10
Italy	3	88	6
France	4	86	6
Netherlands	5	64	5


Total:	0
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1
1016

1016


Total:	0
HTML:	0
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667


Total:	0
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349

Cited

Show all Final revised paper only Preprint only

7 citations as recorded by crossref.

Sea Level Rise in Europe: Governance context and challenges A. Bisaro et al. 10.5194/sp-3-slre1-7-2024
Migration, land loss and costs to 2100 due to coastal flooding under the IPCC AR6 sea-level rise scenarios and plausible adaptation choices C. Ballesteros et al. 10.3389/fmars.2025.1505633
Sea Level Rise in Europe: Adaptation measures and decision-making principles G. Galluccio et al. 10.5194/sp-3-slre1-6-2024
Sea Level Rise in Europe: Knowledge gaps identified through a participatory approach J. Jiménez et al. 10.5194/sp-3-slre1-3-2024
Sea Level Rise in Europe: Summary for Policymakers B. van den Hurk et al. 10.5194/sp-3-slre1-1-2024
Sea Level Rise in Europe: Observations and projections A. Melet et al. 10.5194/sp-3-slre1-4-2024
Sea Level Rise in Europe: Summary for Policymakers B. van den Hurk et al. 10.5194/sp-3-slre1-1-2024

6 citations as recorded by crossref.

Sea Level Rise in Europe: Governance context and challenges A. Bisaro et al. 10.5194/sp-3-slre1-7-2024
Migration, land loss and costs to 2100 due to coastal flooding under the IPCC AR6 sea-level rise scenarios and plausible adaptation choices C. Ballesteros et al. 10.3389/fmars.2025.1505633
Sea Level Rise in Europe: Adaptation measures and decision-making principles G. Galluccio et al. 10.5194/sp-3-slre1-6-2024
Sea Level Rise in Europe: Knowledge gaps identified through a participatory approach J. Jiménez et al. 10.5194/sp-3-slre1-3-2024
Sea Level Rise in Europe: Summary for Policymakers B. van den Hurk et al. 10.5194/sp-3-slre1-1-2024
Sea Level Rise in Europe: Observations and projections A. Melet et al. 10.5194/sp-3-slre1-4-2024

1 citations as recorded by crossref.

Sea Level Rise in Europe: Summary for Policymakers B. van den Hurk et al. 10.5194/sp-3-slre1-1-2024

Latest update: 01 May 2025

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Short summary

Sea level rise has major impacts in Europe, which vary from place to place and in time, depending on the source of the impacts. Flooding, erosion, and saltwater intrusion lead, via different pathways, to various consequences for coastal regions across Europe. This causes damage to assets, the environment, and people for all three categories of impacts discussed in this paper. The paper provides an overview of the various impacts in Europe.

Sea level rise has major impacts in Europe, which vary from place to place and in time,...

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Sea Level Rise in Europe: 1st Assessment Report of the Knowledge Hub on Sea Level Rise

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