Articles | Volume 2-oae2023
https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2-oae2023-3-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2-oae2023-3-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
27 Nov 2023
| OAE Guide 2023 | Chapter 3
| 27 Nov 2023 | OAE Guide 2023 | Chapter 3
Assessing the technical aspects of ocean-alkalinity-enhancement approaches
Matthew D. Eisaman
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
Yale Center for Natural Carbon Capture, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Phil Renforth
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Research Centre for Carbon Solutions, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
Laura Bastianini
Research Centre for Carbon Solutions, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
James Campbell
Research Centre for Carbon Solutions, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
Andrew W. Dale
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, Germany
Spyros Foteinis
Research Centre for Carbon Solutions, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
Patricia Grasse
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, Germany
German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle–Jena–Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
Olivia Hawrot
Research Centre for Carbon Solutions, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
Carolin R. Löscher
Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), Nordcee, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
Greg H. Rau
Planetary Technologies, Inc., Dartmouth, NS, Canada
Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
Jakob Rønning
Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), Nordcee, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Cited
30 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Assessing the impact of CO2-equilibrated ocean alkalinity enhancement on microbial metabolic rates in an oligotrophic system L. Marín-Samper et al. 10.5194/bg-21-2859-2024
- Seawater carbonate chemistry considerations for ocean alkalinity enhancement research: theory, measurements, and calculations K. Schulz et al. 10.5194/sp-2-oae2023-2-2023
- “Gray Carbon” in Sewage Treatment Plants: A Neglected Carbon Sink Y. Meng et al. 10.34133/olar.0060
- Effects of grain size and seawater salinity on magnesium hydroxide dissolution and secondary calcium carbonate precipitation kinetics: implications for ocean alkalinity enhancement C. Moras et al. 10.5194/bg-21-3463-2024
- Efficiency metrics for ocean alkalinity enhancements under responsive and prescribed atmospheric pCO2 conditions M. Tyka 10.5194/bg-22-341-2025
- Review and syntheses: Ocean alkalinity enhancement and carbon dioxide removal through marine enhanced rock weathering using olivine L. Geerts et al. 10.5194/bg-22-355-2025
- The additionality problem of ocean alkalinity enhancement L. Bach 10.5194/bg-21-261-2024
- An assessment of ocean alkalinity enhancement using aqueous hydroxides: kinetics, efficiency, and precipitation thresholds M. Ringham et al. 10.5194/bg-21-3551-2024
- Field experiments in ocean alkalinity enhancement research T. Cyronak et al. 10.5194/sp-2-oae2023-7-2023
- Seafloor alkalinity enhancement as a carbon dioxide removal strategy in the Baltic Sea A. Dale et al. 10.1038/s43247-024-01569-3
- Investigating the effect of silicate- and calcium-based ocean alkalinity enhancement on diatom silicification A. Ferderer et al. 10.5194/bg-21-2777-2024
- Review on CO2 removal from ocean with an emphasis on direct ocean capture (DOC) technologies S. Karunarathne et al. 10.1016/j.seppur.2024.128598
- Mesocosm experiments in ocean alkalinity enhancement research U. Riebesell et al. 10.5194/sp-2-oae2023-6-2023
- Technical note: Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement Pelagic Impact Intercomparison Project (OAEPIIP) L. Bach et al. 10.5194/bg-21-3665-2024
- Impact of marine carbon removal on atmospheric CO2 R. Nuterman & M. Jochum 10.1088/1748-9326/ad26b7
- Climate targets, carbon dioxide removal, and the potential role of ocean alkalinity enhancement A. Oschlies et al. 10.5194/sp-2-oae2023-1-2023
- Data reporting and sharing for ocean alkalinity enhancement research L. Jiang et al. 10.5194/sp-2-oae2023-13-2023
- Negative Emission Enabled by Combining Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement and Waste Concrete Upcycling S. Jin et al. 10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c07507
- Potential Environmental Impacts and Management Strategies for Metal Release during Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement Using Olivine W. Zhuang et al. 10.1021/acs.est.4c10705
- Natural analogs to ocean alkalinity enhancement A. Subhas et al. 10.5194/sp-2-oae2023-8-2023
- Pathways for marine carbon dioxide removal using electrochemical acid-base generation M. Eisaman 10.3389/fclim.2024.1349604
- A systematic analysis of operating parameters for CO2 capture from seawater by Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis (BPMED) M. Aliaskari et al. 10.1016/j.seppur.2024.126679
- General considerations for experimental research on ocean alkalinity enhancement S. Dupont & M. Metian 10.5194/sp-2-oae2023-4-2023
- Assessing the Limit of CO2 Storage in Seawater as Bicarbonate-Enriched Solutions S. Varliero et al. 10.3390/molecules29174069
- Growth response of Emiliania huxleyi to ocean alkalinity enhancement G. Faucher et al. 10.5194/bg-22-405-2025
- Marine carbon dioxide removal by alkalinization should no longer be overlooked K. Kowalczyk et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad5192
- Monitoring, reporting, and verification for ocean alkalinity enhancement D. Ho et al. 10.5194/sp-2-oae2023-12-2023
- Ocean alkalinity enhancement approaches and the predictability of runaway precipitation processes: results of an experimental study to determine critical alkalinity ranges for safe and sustainable application scenarios N. Suitner et al. 10.5194/bg-21-4587-2024
- Enhanced cation release via acid pretreatment for gigaton-scale geologic CO2 sequestration in basalt Q. Zhang et al. 10.1016/j.ijggc.2024.104266
- Influence of stratified shear instabilities on particle sedimentation in three-dimensional simulations with application to marine carbon dioxide removal A. Yang et al. 10.1103/PhysRevFluids.10.014501
29 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Assessing the impact of CO2-equilibrated ocean alkalinity enhancement on microbial metabolic rates in an oligotrophic system L. Marín-Samper et al. 10.5194/bg-21-2859-2024
- Seawater carbonate chemistry considerations for ocean alkalinity enhancement research: theory, measurements, and calculations K. Schulz et al. 10.5194/sp-2-oae2023-2-2023
- “Gray Carbon” in Sewage Treatment Plants: A Neglected Carbon Sink Y. Meng et al. 10.34133/olar.0060
- Effects of grain size and seawater salinity on magnesium hydroxide dissolution and secondary calcium carbonate precipitation kinetics: implications for ocean alkalinity enhancement C. Moras et al. 10.5194/bg-21-3463-2024
- Efficiency metrics for ocean alkalinity enhancements under responsive and prescribed atmospheric pCO2 conditions M. Tyka 10.5194/bg-22-341-2025
- Review and syntheses: Ocean alkalinity enhancement and carbon dioxide removal through marine enhanced rock weathering using olivine L. Geerts et al. 10.5194/bg-22-355-2025
- The additionality problem of ocean alkalinity enhancement L. Bach 10.5194/bg-21-261-2024
- An assessment of ocean alkalinity enhancement using aqueous hydroxides: kinetics, efficiency, and precipitation thresholds M. Ringham et al. 10.5194/bg-21-3551-2024
- Field experiments in ocean alkalinity enhancement research T. Cyronak et al. 10.5194/sp-2-oae2023-7-2023
- Seafloor alkalinity enhancement as a carbon dioxide removal strategy in the Baltic Sea A. Dale et al. 10.1038/s43247-024-01569-3
- Investigating the effect of silicate- and calcium-based ocean alkalinity enhancement on diatom silicification A. Ferderer et al. 10.5194/bg-21-2777-2024
- Review on CO2 removal from ocean with an emphasis on direct ocean capture (DOC) technologies S. Karunarathne et al. 10.1016/j.seppur.2024.128598
- Mesocosm experiments in ocean alkalinity enhancement research U. Riebesell et al. 10.5194/sp-2-oae2023-6-2023
- Technical note: Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement Pelagic Impact Intercomparison Project (OAEPIIP) L. Bach et al. 10.5194/bg-21-3665-2024
- Impact of marine carbon removal on atmospheric CO2 R. Nuterman & M. Jochum 10.1088/1748-9326/ad26b7
- Climate targets, carbon dioxide removal, and the potential role of ocean alkalinity enhancement A. Oschlies et al. 10.5194/sp-2-oae2023-1-2023
- Data reporting and sharing for ocean alkalinity enhancement research L. Jiang et al. 10.5194/sp-2-oae2023-13-2023
- Negative Emission Enabled by Combining Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement and Waste Concrete Upcycling S. Jin et al. 10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c07507
- Potential Environmental Impacts and Management Strategies for Metal Release during Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement Using Olivine W. Zhuang et al. 10.1021/acs.est.4c10705
- Natural analogs to ocean alkalinity enhancement A. Subhas et al. 10.5194/sp-2-oae2023-8-2023
- Pathways for marine carbon dioxide removal using electrochemical acid-base generation M. Eisaman 10.3389/fclim.2024.1349604
- A systematic analysis of operating parameters for CO2 capture from seawater by Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis (BPMED) M. Aliaskari et al. 10.1016/j.seppur.2024.126679
- General considerations for experimental research on ocean alkalinity enhancement S. Dupont & M. Metian 10.5194/sp-2-oae2023-4-2023
- Assessing the Limit of CO2 Storage in Seawater as Bicarbonate-Enriched Solutions S. Varliero et al. 10.3390/molecules29174069
- Growth response of Emiliania huxleyi to ocean alkalinity enhancement G. Faucher et al. 10.5194/bg-22-405-2025
- Marine carbon dioxide removal by alkalinization should no longer be overlooked K. Kowalczyk et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad5192
- Monitoring, reporting, and verification for ocean alkalinity enhancement D. Ho et al. 10.5194/sp-2-oae2023-12-2023
- Ocean alkalinity enhancement approaches and the predictability of runaway precipitation processes: results of an experimental study to determine critical alkalinity ranges for safe and sustainable application scenarios N. Suitner et al. 10.5194/bg-21-4587-2024
- Enhanced cation release via acid pretreatment for gigaton-scale geologic CO2 sequestration in basalt Q. Zhang et al. 10.1016/j.ijggc.2024.104266
Discussed (final revised paper)
Latest update: 30 Jan 2025
Short summary
Ocean-alkalinity-enhancement technologies refer to various methods and approaches aimed at increasing the alkalinity of seawater. This chapter explores technologies for increasing ocean alkalinity, including electrochemical-based approaches, ocean liming, accelerated weathering of limestone, hydrated carbonate addition, and coastal enhanced weathering, and suggests best practices in research and development.
Ocean-alkalinity-enhancement technologies refer to various methods and approaches aimed at...
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