Articles | Volume 1-osr7
https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-1-osr7-10-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-1-osr7-10-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Dissolved oxygen as an indicator of multiple drivers of the marine ecosystem: the southern Adriatic Sea case study
Valeria Di Biagio
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics – OGS,
Trieste, Italy
Riccardo Martellucci
National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics – OGS,
Trieste, Italy
Milena Menna
National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics – OGS,
Trieste, Italy
Anna Teruzzi
National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics – OGS,
Trieste, Italy
Carolina Amadio
National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics – OGS,
Trieste, Italy
Elena Mauri
National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics – OGS,
Trieste, Italy
Gianpiero Cossarini
National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics – OGS,
Trieste, Italy
Related authors
Anna Teruzzi, Ali Aydogdu, Carolina Amadio, Emanuela Clementi, Simone Colella, Valeria Di Biagio, Massimiliano Drudi, Claudia Fanelli, Laura Feudale, Alessandro Grandi, Pietro Miraglio, Andrea Pisano, Jenny Pistoia, Marco Reale, Stefano Salon, Gianluca Volpe, and Gianpiero Cossarini
State Planet, 4-osr8, 15, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-4-osr8-15-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-4-osr8-15-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A noticeable cold spell occurred in Eastern Europe at the beginning of 2022 and was the main driver of intense deep-water formation and the associated transport of nutrients to the surface. Southeast of Crete, the availability of both light and nutrients in the surface layer stimulated an anomalous phytoplankton bloom. In the area, chlorophyll concentration (a proxy for bloom intensity) and primary production were considerably higher than usual, suggesting possible impacts on fishery catches.
Giovanni Coppini, Emanuela Clementi, Gianpiero Cossarini, Stefano Salon, Gerasimos Korres, Michalis Ravdas, Rita Lecci, Jenny Pistoia, Anna Chiara Goglio, Massimiliano Drudi, Alessandro Grandi, Ali Aydogdu, Romain Escudier, Andrea Cipollone, Vladyslav Lyubartsev, Antonio Mariani, Sergio Cretì, Francesco Palermo, Matteo Scuro, Simona Masina, Nadia Pinardi, Antonio Navarra, Damiano Delrosso, Anna Teruzzi, Valeria Di Biagio, Giorgio Bolzon, Laura Feudale, Gianluca Coidessa, Carolina Amadio, Alberto Brosich, Arnau Miró, Eva Alvarez, Paolo Lazzari, Cosimo Solidoro, Charikleia Oikonomou, and Anna Zacharioudaki
Ocean Sci., 19, 1483–1516, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1483-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1483-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The paper presents the Mediterranean Forecasting System evolution and performance developed in the framework of the Copernicus Marine Service.
Valeria Di Biagio, Stefano Salon, Laura Feudale, and Gianpiero Cossarini
Biogeosciences, 19, 5553–5574, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5553-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5553-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The amount of dissolved oxygen in the ocean is the result of interacting physical and biological processes. Oxygen vertical profiles show a subsurface maximum in a large part of the ocean. We used a numerical model to map this subsurface maximum in the Mediterranean Sea and to link local differences in its properties to the driving processes. This emerging feature can help the marine ecosystem functioning to be better understood, also under the impacts of climate change.
Gloria Pietropolli, Luca Manzoni, and Gianpiero Cossarini
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 7347–7364, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7347-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7347-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Monitoring the ocean is essential for studying marine life and human impact. Our new software, PPCon, uses ocean data to predict key factors like nitrate and chlorophyll levels, which are hard to measure directly. By leveraging machine learning, PPCon offers more accurate and efficient predictions.
Annunziata Pirro, Riccardo Martellucci, Antonella Gallo, Elisabeth Kubin, Elena Mauri, Mélanie Juza, Giulio Notarstefano, Massimo Pacciaroni, Antonio Bussani, and Milena Menna
State Planet, 4-osr8, 18, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-4-osr8-18-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-4-osr8-18-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This work analyses the propagation of the 2022 marine heatwave from the surface to 2000 m depth of the water column in the Mediterranean Sea. The results show that the temperature anomaly during the summer of 2022 varies between 0.88 and 2.92 °C. However, this heat stored in the surface layer is distributed in the water column during the following fall. This warming may enhance variations of the circulation of the surface and deep currents, which in turn may have an impact on the climate.
Anna Teruzzi, Ali Aydogdu, Carolina Amadio, Emanuela Clementi, Simone Colella, Valeria Di Biagio, Massimiliano Drudi, Claudia Fanelli, Laura Feudale, Alessandro Grandi, Pietro Miraglio, Andrea Pisano, Jenny Pistoia, Marco Reale, Stefano Salon, Gianluca Volpe, and Gianpiero Cossarini
State Planet, 4-osr8, 15, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-4-osr8-15-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-4-osr8-15-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A noticeable cold spell occurred in Eastern Europe at the beginning of 2022 and was the main driver of intense deep-water formation and the associated transport of nutrients to the surface. Southeast of Crete, the availability of both light and nutrients in the surface layer stimulated an anomalous phytoplankton bloom. In the area, chlorophyll concentration (a proxy for bloom intensity) and primary production were considerably higher than usual, suggesting possible impacts on fishery catches.
Karina von Schuckmann, Lorena Moreira, Mathilde Cancet, Flora Gues, Emmanuelle Autret, Ali Aydogdu, Lluis Castrillo, Daniele Ciani, Andrea Cipollone, Emanuela Clementi, Gianpiero Cossarini, Alvaro de Pascual-Collar, Vincenzo De Toma, Marion Gehlen, Rianne Giesen, Marie Drevillon, Claudia Fanelli, Kevin Hodges, Simon Jandt-Scheelke, Eric Jansen, Melanie Juza, Ioanna Karagali, Priidik Lagemaa, Vidar Lien, Leonardo Lima, Vladyslav Lyubartsev, Ilja Maljutenko, Simona Masina, Ronan McAdam, Pietro Miraglio, Helen Morrison, Tabea Rebekka Panteleit, Andrea Pisano, Marie-Isabelle Pujol, Urmas Raudsepp, Roshin Raj, Ad Stoffelen, Simon Van Gennip, Pierre Veillard, and Chunxue Yang
State Planet, 4-osr8, 2, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-4-osr8-2-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-4-osr8-2-2024, 2024
Gianpiero Cossarini, Andy Moore, Stefano Ciavatta, and Katja Fennel
State Planet Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-8, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-8, 2024
Preprint under review for SP
Short summary
Short summary
Marine biogeochemistry refers to the cycling of chemical elements resulting from physical transport, chemical reaction, uptake, and processing by living organisms. Biogeochemical models can have a wide range of complexity, from single parameterizations of processes to fully explicit representations of several nutrients, trophic levels, and functional groups. Uncertainty sources are the lack of knowledge about the parameterizations, initial and boundary conditions and the lack of observations
Riccardo Martellucci, Francesco Tiralongo, Sofia F. Darmaraki, Michela D'Alessandro, Giorgio Mancinelli, Emanuele Mancini, Roberto Simonini, Milena Menna, Annunziata Pirro, Diego Borme, Rocco Auriemma, Marco Graziano, and Elena Mauri
State Planet Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-16, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-16, 2024
Preprint under review for SP
Short summary
Short summary
In 2023, global mean air temperatures reached unprecedented highs and the Mediterranean was hit by the longest marine heatwave in four decades. These conditions favored the spread of invasive species affecting fisheries in the central Mediterranean. This study provides new insights into the cascading impacts of climate-driven extreme events on marine ecosystems and fisheries and suggests actionable strategies for dealing with invasive species in a changing climate.
Jorn Bruggeman, Karsten Bolding, Lars Nerger, Anna Teruzzi, Simone Spada, Jozef Skákala, and Stefano Ciavatta
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 5619–5639, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5619-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5619-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To understand and predict the ocean’s capacity for carbon sequestration, its ability to supply food, and its response to climate change, we need the best possible estimate of its physical and biogeochemical properties. This is obtained through data assimilation which blends numerical models and observations. We present the Ensemble and Assimilation Tool (EAT), a flexible and efficient test bed that allows any scientist to explore and further develop the state of the art in data assimilation.
Carolina Amadio, Anna Teruzzi, Gloria Pietropolli, Luca Manzoni, Gianluca Coidessa, and Gianpiero Cossarini
Ocean Sci., 20, 689–710, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-689-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-689-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Forecasting of marine biogeochemistry can be improved via the assimilation of observations. Floating buoys provide multivariate information about the status of the ocean interior. Information on the ocean interior can be expanded/augmented by machine learning. In this work, we show the enhanced impact of assimilating new in situ variables (oxygen) and reconstructed variables (nitrate) in the operational forecast system (MedBFM) model of the Mediterranean Sea.
Riccardo Martellucci, Michele Giani, Elena Mauri, Laurent Coppola, Melf Poulsen, Marine Fourrier, Sara Pensieri, Vanessa Cardin, Carlotta Dentico, Roberto Bozzano, Carolina Cantoni, Anna Lucchetta, and Ingunn Skjelvan
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-457, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-457, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
The ATL2MED experiment was a collaborative project involving European academic institutions and Saildrone Inc. These ASVs embarked on a nine-month mission that ranged from the tropical eastern North Atlantic to the Adriatic Sea, covering a region characterised by a transition zone between temperate and tropical climate belts. Nevertheless, challenges exist, with biofouling being one of the major problems affecting the measurement such as conductivity, dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll-a.
Eva Álvarez, Gianpiero Cossarini, Anna Teruzzi, Jorn Bruggeman, Karsten Bolding, Stefano Ciavatta, Vincenzo Vellucci, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, David Antoine, and Paolo Lazzari
Biogeosciences, 20, 4591–4624, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4591-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4591-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) interacts with the ambient light and gives the waters of the Mediterranean Sea their colour. We propose a novel parameterization of the CDOM cycle, whose parameter values have been optimized by using the data of the monitoring site BOUSSOLE. Nutrient and light limitations for locally produced CDOM caused aCDOM(λ) to covary with chlorophyll, while the above-average CDOM concentrations observed at this site were maintained by allochthonous sources.
Pierre-Marie Poulain, Luca Centurioni, Carlo Brandini, Stefano Taddei, Maristella Berta, and Milena Menna
Ocean Sci., 19, 1617–1631, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1617-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1617-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Drifters and a profiling float were deployed in the coastal waters of the southeastern Ligurian Sea to characterize the near-surface circulation at a scale of ~10 km. The drifters were trapped in an offshore-flowing filament and a cyclonic eddy that developed at the southwestern extremity of the filament. Drifter velocities are used to estimate differential kinematic properties and relative dispersion statistics of the surface currents.
Simone Spada, Anna Teruzzi, Stefano Maset, Stefano Salon, Cosimo Solidoro, and Gianpiero Cossarini
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2023-170, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2023-170, 2023
Preprint under review for GMD
Short summary
Short summary
In geosciences, data assimilation (DA) combines modeled dynamics and observations to reduce simulation uncertainties. Uncertainties can be dynamically and effectively estimated in ensemble DA methods. With respect to current techniques, the novel GHOSH ensemble DA scheme is designed to improve accuracy by reaching a higher approximation order, without increasing computational costs, as demonstrated in idealized Lorenz96 tests and in realistic simulations of the Mediterranean Sea biogeochemistry
Giovanni Coppini, Emanuela Clementi, Gianpiero Cossarini, Stefano Salon, Gerasimos Korres, Michalis Ravdas, Rita Lecci, Jenny Pistoia, Anna Chiara Goglio, Massimiliano Drudi, Alessandro Grandi, Ali Aydogdu, Romain Escudier, Andrea Cipollone, Vladyslav Lyubartsev, Antonio Mariani, Sergio Cretì, Francesco Palermo, Matteo Scuro, Simona Masina, Nadia Pinardi, Antonio Navarra, Damiano Delrosso, Anna Teruzzi, Valeria Di Biagio, Giorgio Bolzon, Laura Feudale, Gianluca Coidessa, Carolina Amadio, Alberto Brosich, Arnau Miró, Eva Alvarez, Paolo Lazzari, Cosimo Solidoro, Charikleia Oikonomou, and Anna Zacharioudaki
Ocean Sci., 19, 1483–1516, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1483-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1483-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The paper presents the Mediterranean Forecasting System evolution and performance developed in the framework of the Copernicus Marine Service.
Alberto Ribotti, Antonio Bussani, Milena Menna, Andrea Satta, Roberto Sorgente, Andrea Cucco, and Riccardo Gerin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4651–4659, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4651-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4651-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Over 100 experiments were realized between 1998 and 2022 in the Mediterranean Sea using surface coastal and offshore Lagrangian drifters. Raw data were initially unified and pre-processed. Then, the integrity of the received data packages was checked and incomplete ones were discarded. Deployment information was retrieved and integrated into the PostgreSQL database. Data were interpolated at defined time intervals, providing a dataset of 158 trajectories, available in different formats.
Stefania A. Ciliberti, Enrique Alvarez Fanjul, Jay Pearlman, Kirsten Wilmer-Becker, Pierre Bahurel, Fabrice Ardhuin, Alain Arnaud, Mike Bell, Segolene Berthou, Laurent Bertino, Arthur Capet, Eric Chassignet, Stefano Ciavatta, Mauro Cirano, Emanuela Clementi, Gianpiero Cossarini, Gianpaolo Coro, Stuart Corney, Fraser Davidson, Marie Drevillon, Yann Drillet, Renaud Dussurget, Ghada El Serafy, Katja Fennel, Marcos Garcia Sotillo, Patrick Heimbach, Fabrice Hernandez, Patrick Hogan, Ibrahim Hoteit, Sudheer Joseph, Simon Josey, Pierre-Yves Le Traon, Simone Libralato, Marco Mancini, Pascal Matte, Angelique Melet, Yasumasa Miyazawa, Andrew M. Moore, Antonio Novellino, Andrew Porter, Heather Regan, Laia Romero, Andreas Schiller, John Siddorn, Joanna Staneva, Cecile Thomas-Courcoux, Marina Tonani, Jose Maria Garcia-Valdecasas, Jennifer Veitch, Karina von Schuckmann, Liying Wan, John Wilkin, and Romane Zufic
State Planet, 1-osr7, 2, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-1-osr7-2-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-1-osr7-2-2023, 2023
Alexandre Mignot, Hervé Claustre, Gianpiero Cossarini, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, Elodie Gutknecht, Julien Lamouroux, Paolo Lazzari, Coralie Perruche, Stefano Salon, Raphaëlle Sauzède, Vincent Taillandier, and Anna Teruzzi
Biogeosciences, 20, 1405–1422, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1405-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1405-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Numerical models of ocean biogeochemistry are becoming a major tool to detect and predict the impact of climate change on marine resources and monitor ocean health. Here, we demonstrate the use of the global array of BGC-Argo floats for the assessment of biogeochemical models. We first detail the handling of the BGC-Argo data set for model assessment purposes. We then present 23 assessment metrics to quantify the consistency of BGC model simulations with respect to BGC-Argo data.
Juan Pablo Almeida, Lorenzo Menichetti, Alf Ekblad, Nicholas P. Rosenstock, and Håkan Wallander
Biogeosciences, 20, 1443–1458, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1443-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1443-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In forests, trees allocate a significant amount of carbon belowground to support mycorrhizal symbiosis. In northern forests nitrogen normally regulates this allocation and consequently mycorrhizal fungi growth. In this study we demonstrate that in a conifer forest from Sweden, fungal growth is regulated by phosphorus instead of nitrogen. This is probably due to an increase in nitrogen deposition to soils caused by decades of human pollution that has altered the ecosystem nutrient regime.
Valeria Di Biagio, Stefano Salon, Laura Feudale, and Gianpiero Cossarini
Biogeosciences, 19, 5553–5574, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5553-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5553-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The amount of dissolved oxygen in the ocean is the result of interacting physical and biological processes. Oxygen vertical profiles show a subsurface maximum in a large part of the ocean. We used a numerical model to map this subsurface maximum in the Mediterranean Sea and to link local differences in its properties to the driving processes. This emerging feature can help the marine ecosystem functioning to be better understood, also under the impacts of climate change.
Marco Reale, Gianpiero Cossarini, Paolo Lazzari, Tomas Lovato, Giorgio Bolzon, Simona Masina, Cosimo Solidoro, and Stefano Salon
Biogeosciences, 19, 4035–4065, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4035-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4035-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Future projections under the RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 emission scenarios of the Mediterranean Sea biogeochemistry at the end of the 21st century show different levels of decline in nutrients, oxygen and biomasses and an acidification of the water column. The signal intensity is stronger under RCP8.5 and in the eastern Mediterranean. Under RCP4.5, after the second half of the 21st century, biogeochemical variables show a recovery of the values observed at the beginning of the investigated period.
Giusy Fedele, Elena Mauri, Giulio Notarstefano, and Pierre Marie Poulain
Ocean Sci., 18, 129–142, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-129-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-129-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Atlantic Water (AW) and Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW) are important water masses that play a crucial role in the internal variability of the Mediterranean thermohaline circulation. This work aims to characterize the inter-basin and inter-annual variability of AW and LIW in the Mediterranean Sea, taking advantage of the large observational dataset provided by Argo floats from 2001 to 2019. A clear salinification and warming trend characterizes AW and LIW over the last 2 decades.
Anna Teruzzi, Giorgio Bolzon, Laura Feudale, and Gianpiero Cossarini
Biogeosciences, 18, 6147–6166, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6147-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6147-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
During summer, maxima of phytoplankton chlorophyll concentration (DCM) occur in the subsurface of the Mediterranean Sea and can play a relevant role in carbon sequestration into the ocean interior. A numerical model based on in situ and satellite observations provides insights into the range of DCM conditions across the relatively small Mediterranean Sea and shows a western DCM that is 25 % shallower and with a higher phytoplankton chlorophyll concentration than in the eastern Mediterranean.
Miroslav Gačić, Laura Ursella, Vedrana Kovačević, Milena Menna, Vlado Malačič, Manuel Bensi, Maria-Eletta Negretti, Vanessa Cardin, Mirko Orlić, Joël Sommeria, Ricardo Viana Barreto, Samuel Viboud, Thomas Valran, Boris Petelin, Giuseppe Siena, and Angelo Rubino
Ocean Sci., 17, 975–996, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-975-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-975-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Experiments in rotating tanks can simulate the Earth system and help to represent the real ocean, where rotation plays an important role. We wanted to show the minor importance of the wind in driving the flow in the Ionian Sea. We did this by observing changes in the water current in a rotating tank affected only by the pumping of dense water into the system. The flow variations were similar to those in the real sea, confirming the scarce importance of the wind for the flow in the Ionian Sea.
Valeria Di Biagio, Gianpiero Cossarini, Stefano Salon, and Cosimo Solidoro
Biogeosciences, 17, 5967–5988, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5967-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5967-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Events that influence the functioning of the Earth’s ecosystems are of interest in relation to a changing climate. We propose a method to identify and characterise
wavesof extreme events affecting marine ecosystems for multi-week periods over wide areas. Our method can be applied to suitable ecosystem variables and has been used to describe different kinds of extreme event waves of phytoplankton chlorophyll in the Mediterranean Sea, by analysing the output from a high-resolution model.
Stefano Salon, Gianpiero Cossarini, Giorgio Bolzon, Laura Feudale, Paolo Lazzari, Anna Teruzzi, Cosimo Solidoro, and Alessandro Crise
Ocean Sci., 15, 997–1022, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-997-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-997-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
After 10 years of research and development, validated analysis and forecasts of the main parameters of the Mediterranean Sea biogeochemistry (e.g. phytoplankton, nutrients, oxygen, pH, carbon fluxes) at high spatial and temporal resolution are provided in the frame of the EU Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service. Along with a traditional skill performance assessment, novel metrics exploiting the Biogeochemical Argo floats data are designed to estimate the forecasts uncertainty.
Ivica Vilibić, Hrvoje Mihanović, Ivica Janeković, Cléa Denamiel, Pierre-Marie Poulain, Mirko Orlić, Natalija Dunić, Vlado Dadić, Mira Pasarić, Stipe Muslim, Riccardo Gerin, Frano Matić, Jadranka Šepić, Elena Mauri, Zoi Kokkini, Martina Tudor, Žarko Kovač, and Tomislav Džoić
Ocean Sci., 14, 237–258, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-237-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-237-2018, 2018
Maher Bouzaiene, Milena Menna, Pierre-Marie Poulain, and Dalila Elhmaidi
Ocean Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2017-34, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2017-34, 2017
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
The South Western Mediterranean, connected to the Atlantic Ocean through the Strait of Gibraltar, is a study area useful to describe the interaction between the light Atlantic Water and the denser Mediterranean Water. The spreading of fluid particles, estimated through the analysis of drifter data, is dominated by large mesoscale eddies at short times and small separation distances, and by small mesoscale structures for scale ranging between 3 and 11 km.
Gianpiero Cossarini, Stefano Querin, Cosimo Solidoro, Gianmaria Sannino, Paolo Lazzari, Valeria Di Biagio, and Giorgio Bolzon
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 1423–1445, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-1423-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-1423-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The BFMCOUPLER (v1.0) is a coupling scheme that links the MITgcm and BFM models for ocean biogeochemistry simulations. The online coupling is based on an open-source code characterizd by a modular structure. Modularity preserves the potentials of the two models, allowing for a sustainable programming effort to handle future evolutions in the two codes. The BFMCOUPLER code is released along with an idealized problem (a cyclonic gyre in a mid-latitude closed basin).
S. Bonamano, V. Piermattei, A. Madonia, F. Paladini de Mendoza, A. Pierattini, R. Martellucci, C. Stefanì, G. Zappalà, G. Caruso, and M. Marcelli
Ocean Sci., 12, 87–100, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-87-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-87-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The Civitavecchia Coastal Environment Monitoring System (C-CEMS) has been developed by the Laboratory of Experimental Oceanology and Marine Ecology in order to analyze the conflicts between human pressures and ecosystem conservation. As examples, the analysis of faecal bacteria dispersion for bathing water quality assessment and the evaluation of the effects of the dredged activities on Posidonia meadows are reported. Finally, C-CEMS can be considered a useful tool for coastal zone management.
G. Cossarini, P. Lazzari, and C. Solidoro
Biogeosciences, 12, 1647–1658, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1647-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1647-2015, 2015
Cited articles
Batistić, M., Garić, R., and Molinero, J. C.: Interannual variations
in Adriatic Sea zooplankton mirror shifts in circulation regimes in the
Ionian Sea, Clim. Res., 61, 231–240, https://doi.org/10.3354/cr01248, 2014.
Beg Paklar, G., Vilibić, I., Grbec, B., Matić, F., Mihanović, H., Džoić, T., Šantić, D., Šestanović, S., Šolić, M., Ivatek-Šahdan, S., and Kušpilić, G.: Record-breaking salinities in the middle Adriatic during summer 2017 and concurrent changes in the microbial food web, Prog. Oceanogr., 185, 102345, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2020.102345, 2020.
Beyer, R.: BiasCorrection (ClimPast), OSF [code], https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/8AXW9, 2023.
Beyer, R., Krapp, M., and Manica, A.: An empirical evaluation of bias correction methods for palaeoclimate simulations, Clim. Past, 16, 1493–1508, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1493-2020, 2020.
Breitburg, D., Levin, L. A., Oschlies, A., Grégoire, M., Chavez, F. P., Conley, D. J., Garçon, V., Gilbert, D., Gutiérrez, D., Isensee, K., Jacinto, G. S., Limburg, K. E., Montes, I., Naqvi, S. W. A., Pitcher, G. C., Rabalais, N. N., Roman, M. R., Rose, K. A., Seibel, B. A., Telszewski, M., Yasuhara, M., and Zhang, J.: Declining oxygen in the global ocean and
coastal waters, Science, 359, eaam7240, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aam7240 , 2018.
Chiarini, M., Guicciardi, S., Angelini, S., Tuck, I. D., Grilli, F., Penna,
P., Domenichetti, F., Canduci, G., Belardinelli, A., Santojanni, A., Arneri, E., Milone, N., Medvešek, D., Isajlović, I., Vrgoč, N., and Martinelli, M.: Accounting for environmental and fishery management factors when standardizing CPUE data from a scientific survey: A case study for Nephrops norvegicus in the Pomo Pits area (Central Adriatic Sea), PloS ONE, 17, e0270703, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270703, 2022.
Civitarese, G., Gačić, M., Lipizer, M., and Eusebi Borzelli, G. L.: On the impact of the Bimodal Oscillating System (BiOS) on the biogeochemistry and biology of the Adriatic and Ionian Seas (Eastern Mediterranean), Biogeosciences, 7, 3987–3997, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3987-2010, 2010.
Conley, D. J., Björck, S., Bonsdorff, E., Carstensen, J.,
Destouni, G., Gustafsson, B. G., Hietanen, S., Kortekaas, M., Kuosa, H., Markus Meier, H. E., Müller-Karulis, B., Nordberg, K., Norkko, A., Nürnberg, G., Pitkänen, H., Rabalais, N. N., Rosenberg, R., Savchuk, O. P., Slomp, C. P., Voss, M., Wulff, F., and Zillén, L.: Hypoxia-related processes in the Baltic Sea, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 3412–3420, https://doi.org/10.1021/es802762a, 2009.
Copin-Montégut, C. and Bégovic, M.: Distributions of carbonate properties
and oxygen along the water column (0–2000 m) in the central part of the NW
Mediterranean Sea (dyfamed site): Influence of winter vertical mixing on
air–sea CO2 and O2 exchanges, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 49, 2049–2066, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00027-9, 2002.
Coppola, L., Legendre, L., Lefevre, D., Prieur, L., Taillandier, V., and
Diamond Riquier, E.: Seasonal and inter-annual variations of dissolved
oxygen in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea (DYFAMED site), Prog.
Oceanogr., 162, 187–201, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2018.03.001, 2018.
Cossarini, G., Feudale, L., Teruzzi, A., Bolzon, G., Coidessa, G., Solidoro,
C., Di Biagio, V., Amadio, C., Lazzari, P., Brosich, A., and Salon, S.:
High-resolution reanalysis of the Mediterranean Sea biogeochemistry
(1999–2019), Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, 741486, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.741486, 2021.
Cushman-Roisin, B., Gacic, M., Poulain, P. M., and Artegiani, A. (Eds.):
Physical oceanography of the Adriatic Sea: past, present and future.
Springer Science & Business Media, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9819-4, 2013.
Di Biagio, V., Salon, S., Feudale, L., and Cossarini, G.: Subsurface oxygen maximum in oligotrophic marine ecosystems: mapping the interaction between physical and biogeochemical processes, Biogeosciences, 19, 5553–5574, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5553-2022, 2022.
Ekau, W., Auel, H., Pörtner, H.-O., and Gilbert, D.: Impacts of hypoxia on the structure and processes in pelagic communities (zooplankton, macro-invertebrates and fish), Biogeosciences, 7, 1669–1699, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-1669-2010, 2010.
Escudier, R., Clementi, E., Cipollone, A., Pistoia, J., Drudi, M., Grandi, A., Lyubartsev, V., Lecci, R., Aydogdu, A., Delrosso, D., Omar, M., Masina, S., Coppini, G., and Pinardi, N.: A High Resolution Reanalysis for the
Mediterranean Sea, Frontiers in Marine Science, 9, 702285, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.702285, 2021.
Escudier, R., Clementi, E., Nigam, T., Aydogdu, A., Fini, E., Pistoia, J.,
Grandi, A., and Miraglio, P.: EU Copernicus Marine Service Quality Information Document for the Mediterranean Sea Physics Reanalysis, MEDSEA_MULTIYEAR_PHY_006_004, Issue 2.3, Mercator Ocean International,
https://catalogue.marine.copernicus.eu/documents/QUID/CMEMS-MED-QUID-006-004.pdf (last access: 6 March 2023), 2022.
EU-COM: Directive 2008/56/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for community action in the field of marine environmental policy (Marine Strategy Framework Directive), Official J. Eur. Union, L164, 19–40, 2008.
EU Copernicus Climate Change Service Product: ERA5 hourly data on single
levels from 1940 to present, Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS) [data set], https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.adbb2d47, 2023.
EU Copernicus Marine Service Product: Mediterranean Sea Biogeochemical
Reanalysis, Mercator Ocean International [data set],
https://doi.org/10.25423/CMCC/MEDSEA_MULTIYEAR_BGC_006_008_MEDBFM3, 2022a.
EU Copernicus Marine Service Product: Mediterranean Sea Biogeochemical
Reanalysis INTERIM, Mercator Ocean International [data set], https://doi.org/10.25423/CMCC/MEDSEA_MULTIYEAR_BGC_006_008_MEDBFM3I, 2022b.
EU Copernicus Marine Service Product: Mediterranean Sea- In-Situ Near Real
Time Observations, Mercator Ocean International [data set],
https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00044, 2022c.
EU Copernicus Marine Service Product: Mediterranean Sea Physics reanalysis,
Mercator Ocean International [data set], https://doi.org/10.25423/CMCC/MEDSEA_MULTIYEAR_PHY_006_004_E3R1, 2022d.
EU Copernicus Marine Service Product: Mediterranean Sea Physics reanalysis
INTERIM, Mercator Ocean International [data set], https://doi.org/10.25423/CMCC/MEDSEA_MULTIYEAR_PHY_006_004_E3R1I, 2022e.
EU Copernicus Marine Service Product: European Seas Gridded L 4 Sea Surface
Heights And Derived Variables Nrt, Mercator Ocean International [data set],
https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00142, 2023a.
EU Copernicus Marine Service Product: European Seas Gridded L 4 Sea Surface
Heights And Derived Variables Reprocessed 1993 Ongoing, Mercator Ocean
International [data set], https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00141, 2023b.
Gačić, M., Civitarese, G., Miserocchi, S., Cardin, V., Crise, A., and Mauri, E.: The open-ocean convection in the Southern Adriatic: a controlling mechanism of the spring phytoplankton bloom, Cont. Shelf Res., 22, 1897–1908, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(02)00050-X, 2002.
Gačić, M., Borzelli, G. L. E., Civitarese, G., Cardin, V., and Yari, S.: Can
internal processes sustain reversals of the ocean upper circulation? The
Ionian Sea example, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L09608, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL043216, 2010.
Gačić, M., Civitarese, G., Eusebi Borzelli, G. L., Kovačević, V., Poulain, P.-M., Theocharis, A., Menna, M., Catucci, A., and Zarokanellos, N.: On the relationship between the decadal oscillations of the northern Ionian Sea and the salinity distributions in the eastern Mediterranean, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 116, C12002, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007280, 2011.
Gačić, M., Ursella, L., Kovačević, V., Menna, M., Malačič, V., Bensi, M., Negretti, M.-E., Cardin, V., Orlić, M., Sommeria, J., Viana Barreto, R., Viboud, S., Valran, T., Petelin, B., Siena, G., and Rubino, A.: Impact of dense-water flow over a sloping bottom on open-sea circulation: laboratory experiments and an Ionian Sea (Mediterranean) example, Ocean Sci., 17, 975–996, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-975-2021, 2021.
Garcia-Soto, C., Cheng, L., Caesar, L., Schmidtko, S., Jewett, E. B.,
Cheripka, A., Rigor, I., Caballero, A., Chiba, S., Báez, J. C., Zielinski, T., and Abraham, J. P.: An overview of ocean climate change indicators: Sea surface temperature, ocean heat content, ocean pH, dissolved oxygen concentration, arctic sea ice extent, thickness and volume, sea level and strength of the AMOC (Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation),
Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, 642372, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.642372, 2021.
Gudmundsson, L., Bremnes, J. B., Haugen, J. E., and Engen-Skaugen, T.: Technical Note: Downscaling RCM precipitation to the station scale using statistical transformations – a comparison of methods, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 3383–3390, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-3383-2012, 2012.
Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Biavati, G., Horányi, A., Muñoz Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Rozum, I., Schepers, D., Simmons, A., Soci, C., Dee, D., Thépaut, J.-N.: ERA5 hourly data on single levels from 1940 to present, Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS) [data set], https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.adbb2d47, 2023.
Hopson, T. M. and Webster, P. J.: A 1–10-day ensemble forecasting scheme
for the major river basins of Bangladesh: Forecasting severe floods of
2003–07, J. Hydrometeorol., 11, 618–641, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JHM1006.1, 2010.
IPCC: IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate, edited by: Pörtner, H. O., Roberts, D. C., Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., Tignor, M., Poloczanska, E., Mintenbeck, K., Alegría, A., Nicolai, M., Okem, A., Petzold, J., Rama, B., and Weyer, N. M., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, 755 pp., https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157964, 2019.
IPCC: Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Pörtner, H. O., Roberts, D. C., Tignor, M., Poloczanska, E. S., Mintenbeck, K., Alegría, A., Craig, M., Langsdorf, S., Löschke, S., Möller, V., Okem, A., and Rama, B., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, 3056 pp., https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009325844, 2022.
Jakob Themeßl, M., Gobiet, A., and Leuprecht, A.: Empirical-statistical
downscaling and error correction of daily precipitation from regional
climate models, Int. J. Climatol., 31, 1530–1544, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.2168, 2011.
Keeling, R. F. and Garcia, H. E.: The change in oceanic O2 inventory associated with recent global warming, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 99, 7848–7853, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.122154899, 2002.
Kokkini, Z., Notarstefano, G., Poulain, P.-M., et al.: Unusual salinity pattern in the South Adriatic Sea, Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report 2018-09-08, J. Oper. Oceanogr., 11, S1–S142, https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2018.1489208, 2018.
Kokkini, Z., Mauri, E., Gerin, R., Poulain, P.-M., Simoncelli, S., and Notarstefano, G.: On the salinity structure in the South Adriatic as derived from float and glider observations in 2013–2016, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 171, 104625, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2019.07.013, 2020.
Kress, N. and Herut, B.: Spatial and seasonal evolution of dissolved
oxygen and nutrients in the Southern Levantine Basin (Eastern Mediterranean
Sea): chemical characterization of the water masses and inferences on the N:P ratios, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 48, 2347–2372, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(01)00022-X, 2001.
Kwiatkowski, L., Torres, O., Bopp, L., Aumont, O., Chamberlain, M., Christian, J. R., Dunne, J. P., Gehlen, M., Ilyina, T., John, J. G., Lenton, A., Li, H., Lovenduski, N. S., Orr, J. C., Palmieri, J., Santana-Falcón, Y., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Stock, C. A., Tagliabue, A., Takano, Y., Tjiputra, J., Toyama, K., Tsujino, H., Watanabe, M., Yamamoto, A., Yool, A., and Ziehn, T.: Twenty-first century ocean warming, acidification, deoxygenation, and upper-ocean nutrient and primary production decline from CMIP6 model projections, Biogeosciences, 17, 3439–3470, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3439-2020, 2020.
Lecci, R., Salon, S., Bolzon, G., and Cossarini, G.: EU Copernicus Marine
Service Product User Manual for the Mediterranean Sea Biogeochemistry
Reanalysis, MEDSEA_MULTIYEAR_BGC_006_008, Issue 3.2, Mercator Ocean
International, https://catalogue.marine.copernicus.eu/documents/PUM/CMEMS-MED-PUM-006-008.pdf (last access: 6 March 2023), 2022a.
Lecci, R., Drudi, M., Grandi, A., Cretì, S., and Clementi, E.: EU
Copernicus Marine Service Product User Manual for the Mediterranean Sea
Physics Reanalysis, MEDSEA_MULTIYEAR_PHY_006_004, Issue 2.3, Mercator Ocean International, https://catalogue.marine.copernicus.eu/documents/PUM/CMEMS-MED-PUM-006-004.pdf (last access: 6 March 2023), 2022b.
Lipizer, M., Partescano, E., Rabitti, A., Giorgetti, A., and Crise, A.: Qualified temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen climatologies in a changing Adriatic Sea, Ocean Sci., 10, 771–797, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-771-2014, 2014.
Malanotte-Rizzoli, P., Manca, B. B., d'Alcala, M. R., Theocharis, A., Brenner, S., Budillon, G., and Ozsoy, E. The Eastern Mediterranean in the
80s and in the 90s: the big transition in the intermediate and deep
circulations, Dynam. Atmos. Oceans, 29, 365–395, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0265(99)00011-1, 1999.
Manca, B., Burca, M., Giorgetti, A., Coatanoan, C., Garcia, M. J., and
Iona, A.: Physical and biochemical averaged vertical profiles in the
Mediterranean regions: an important tool to trace the climatology of water
masses and to validate incoming data from operational oceanography, J. Marine Syst., 48, 83–116, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2003.11.025, 2004.
Manca, B., Ibello, V., Pacciaroni, M., Scarazzato, P., and Giorgetti, A.: Ventilation of deep waters in the Adriatic and Ionian Seas following changes
in thermohaline circulation of the Eastern Mediterranean, Clim. Res., 31, 239–256, https://doi.org/10.3354/cr031239, 2006.
Martellucci, R., Salon, S., Cossarini, G., Piermattei, V., and Marcelli,
M.: Coastal phytoplankton bloom dynamics in the Tyrrhenian Sea: Advantage of
integrating in situ observations, large-scale analysis and forecast systems, J. Marine Syst., 218, 103528, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2021.103528, 2021.
Matear, R. J., Hirst, A. C., and McNeil, B. I.: Changes in dissolved oxygen
in the Southern Ocean with climate change, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 1, 1050, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GC000086, 2000.
Mauri, E., Menna, M., Garić, R., Batistić, M., Libralato, S., Notarstefano, G., Martellucci, R., Gerin, R., Pirro, A., Hure, M., and Poulain, P.-M.: Recent changes of the salinity distribution and zooplankton community in the South Adriatic Pit, Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report, Issue 5, J. Oper. Oceanogr., 14, 1–185, https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2021.1946240, 2021.
Mavropoulou, A. M., Vervatis, V., and Sofianos, S.: Dissolved oxygen
variability in the Mediterranean Sea, J. Marine Syst., 208, 103348,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2020.103348, 2020.
Mella-Flores, D., Mazard, S., Humily, F., Partensky, F., Mahé, F., Bariat, L., Courties, C., Marie, D., Ras, J., Mauriac, R., Jeanthon, C., Mahdi Bendif, E., Ostrowski, M., Scanlan, D. J., and Garczarek, L.: Is the distribution of Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus ecotypes in the Mediterranean Sea affected by global warming?, Biogeosciences, 8, 2785–2804, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-2785-2011, 2011.
Menna, M., Reyes-Suarez, N. C., Civitarese, G., Gačić, M., Poulain, P.-M., and Rubino, A.: Decadal variations of circulation in the Central
Mediterranean and its interactions with the mesoscale gyres, Deep-Sea Res.
Pt. II, 164, 14–24, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2019.02.004, 2019.
Menna, M., Gačić, M., Martellucci, R., Notarstefano, G., Fedele, G., Mauri, E., Gerin, R., and Poulain, P.-M.: Climatic, decadal and interannual variability in the upper layer of the Mediterranean Sea using remotely
sensed and in-situ data, Remote Sens., 14, 1322, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14061322, 2022a.
Menna, M., Martellucci, R., Notarstefano, G., Mauri, E., Gerin, R.,
Pacciaroni, M., Bussani, A., Pirro, A., and Poulain, P.-M.: Record-breaking
high salinity in the South Adriatic Pit in 2020, Copernicus Marine Service
Ocean State Report 6, J. Oper. Oceanogr., 15, 1–220, https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2022.2095169, 2022b.
Mihanović, H., Vilibić, I., Šepić, J., Matić, F.,
Ljubešić, Z., Mauri, E., Gerin, R., Notarstefano, G., and Poulain, P. M.: Observation, Preconditioning and Recurrence of Exceptionally High Salinities in the Adriatic Sea, Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, 672210, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.672210, 2021.
Oesterwind, D., Rau, A., and Zaiko, A.: Drivers and pressures–untangling the terms commonly used in marine science and policy, J. Environ. Manage., 181, 8–15, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.05.058, 2016.
Oschlies, A., Schulz, K. G., Riebesell, U., and Schmittner, A.: Simulated
21st century's increase in oceanic suboxia by CO2-enhanced biotic carbon
export, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 22, GB4008, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GB003147, 2008.
Oschlies, A., Brandt, P., Stramma, L., and Schmidtko, S.: Drivers and
mechanisms of ocean deoxygenation, Nat. Geosci., 11, 467–473, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0152-2, 2018.
Pirro, A., Mauri, E., Gerin, R., Martellucci, R., Zuppelli, P., and Poulain, P. M.: New insights on the formation and breaking mechanism of
convective cyclonic cones in the South Adriatic Pit during winter 2018.
J. Phys. Oceanogr., 52, 2049–2068, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-21-0108.1, 2022.
Pitcher, G. C., Aguirre-Velarde, A., Breitburg, D., Cardich, J., Carstensen,
J., Conley, D. J., Dewitte, B., Engel, A., Espinoza-Morriberón, D., Flores, G., Garçon, V., Graco, M., Grégoire, M., Gutiérrez, D., Hernandez-Ayon, J. M., Huang, H.-H. M., Isensee, K., Jacinto, M. E., Levin, L., Lorenzo, A., Machu, E., Merma, L., Montes, I., SWA, N., Paulmier, A., Roman, M., Rose, K., Hood, R., Rabalais, N. N., Salvanes, A. G. V., Salvatteci, R., Sánchez, S., Sifeddine, A., Tall, A., W., van der Plas, A. K., Yasuhara, M., Zhang, J., and Zhu, Z. Y.: System controls of coastal and open ocean oxygen depletion, Prog. Oceanogr., 197, 102613, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2021.102613, 2021.
Pouliquen, S., Carval, T., Petit de la Villéon, L., Tarot, S., and In
Situ TAC partners: EU Copernicus Marine Service Product User Manual for the
Mediterranean Sea- In-Situ Near Real Time Observations,
INSITU_MED_PHYBGCWAV_DISCRETE_MYNRT_013_035, Issue 1.14, Mercator Ocean International, https://catalogue.marine.copernicus.eu/documents/PUM/CMEMS-INS-PUM-013-030-036.pdf (last access: 6 March 2023), 2022.
Pujol, M.-I.: EU Copernicus Marine Service Product User Manual for the
European Seas Gridded L 4 Sea Surface Heights And Derived Variables
Reprocessed 1993 Ongoing, SEALEVEL_EUR_PHY_L4_MY_008_068 and SEALEVEL_EUR_PHY_L4_NRT_OBSERVATIONS_008_060, Issue 7.0, Mercator Ocean International, https://catalogue.marine.copernicus.eu/documents/PUM/CMEMS-SL-PUM-008-032-068.pdf (last access: 6 March 2023), 2022.
Pujol, M.-I., Taburet, G., and SL-TAC team: EU Copernicus Marine Service
Quality Information Document for the European Seas Gridded L 4 Sea Surface Heights And Derived Variables Reprocessed 1993 Ongoing, SEALEVEL_EUR_PHY_L4_MY_008_068 and SEALEVEL_EUR_PHY_L4_NRT_OBSERVATIONS_008_060, Issue 8.2, Mercator Ocean International, https://catalogue.marine.copernicus.eu/documents/QUID/CMEMS-SL-QUID-008-032-068.pdf (last access: 6 March 2023), 2023.
Querin, S., Bensi, M., Cardin, V., Solidoro, C., Bacer, S., Mariotti, L., Stel, F., and Malačič, V.: Saw-tooth modulation of the deep-water thermohaline properties in the southern Adriatic Sea, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 121, 4585–4600, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JC011522, 2016.
Reale, M., Cossarini, G., Lazzari, P., Lovato, T., Bolzon, G., Masina, S., Solidoro, C., and Salon, S.: Acidification, deoxygenation, and nutrient and biomass declines in a warming Mediterranean Sea, Biogeosciences, 19, 4035–4065, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4035-2022, 2022.
Riser, S. C. and Johnson, K. S.: Net production of oxygen in the subtropical
ocean, Nature, 451, 323–325, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06441, 2008.
Rubino, A., Gačić, M., Bensi, M., Kovačević, V., Malačič, V., Menna, M., Negretti, M. E., Sommeria, J., Zanchettin, D., Barreto, R. V., Ursella, L., Cardin, V., Civitarese, G., Orlić, M., Petelin, B., and Siena, G.: Experimental evidence of long-term oceanic circulation reversals without wind influence in the North Ionian Sea, Sci. Rep.-UK, 10, 1905, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-57862-6, 2020.
Teruzzi, A., Di Biagio, V., Feudale, L., Bolzon, G., Lazzari, P., Salon, S.,
Coidessa, G., and Cossarini, G.: EU Copernicus Marine Service Quality
Information Document for the Mediterranean Sea Biogeochemistry Reanalysis,
MEDSEA_MULTIYEAR_BGC_006_008, Issue 3.2, Mercator Ocean International,https://catalogue.marine.copernicus.eu/documents/QUID/CMEMS-MED-QUID-006-008.pdf (last access: 6 March 2023), 2022.
Stramma, L., Schmidtko, S., Levin, L. A., and Johnson, G. C.: Ocean oxygen
minima expansions and their biological impacts, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 57, 587–595, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2010.01.005, 2010.
Thomson, R. E. and Emery, W. J.: Data analysis methods in physical
oceanography, Newnes, ISBN: 978-0-12-387782-6, 2014.
Vilibić, I., and Mihanović, H.: Observing the bottom density current over a shelf using an Argo profiling float, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 910–915, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50215, 2013.
Wehde, H., Schuckmann, K. V., Pouliquen, S., Grouazel, A., Bartolome, T.,
Tintore, J., De Alfonso Alonso-Munoyerro, M., Carval, T., Racapé, V., and
the INSTAC team: EU Copernicus Marine Service Quality Information Document
for the Mediterranean Sea- In-Situ Near Real Time Observations,
INSITU_MED_PHYBGCWAV_DISCRETE_MYNRT_013_035, Issue 2.2, Mercator Ocean International, https://catalogue.marine.copernicus.eu/documents/QUID/CMEMS-INS-QUID-013-030-036.pdf (last access: 6 March 2023), 2022.
Yasunaka, S., Ono, T., Sasaoka, K., and Sato, K.: Global distribution and variability of subsurface chlorophyll a concentrations, Ocean Sci., 18, 255–268, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-255-2022, 2022.
Short summary
Oxygen is essential to all aerobic organisms, and its content in the marine environment is continuously under assessment. By integrating observations with a model, we describe the dissolved oxygen variability in a sensitive Mediterranean area in the period 1999–2021 and ascribe it to multiple acting physical and biological drivers. Moreover, the reduction recognized in 2021, apparently also due to other mechanisms, requires further monitoring in light of its possible impacts.
Oxygen is essential to all aerobic organisms, and its content in the marine environment is...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint