Scientific synthesis reports and assessments
Scientific synthesis reports and assessments
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Volume 6-osr9, 2025 | 9th edition of the Copernicus Ocean State Report (OSR9)

Editor(s): Karina von Schuckmann (Mercator Ocean International, France), Lorena Moreira (Nologin, Spain), Álvaro de Pascual Collar (Nologin, Spain), Marilaure Grégoire (University of Liège, Belgium), Pierre Brasseur (CNRS, France), Gilles Garric (Mercator Ocean International, France​​​​​​​), Johannes Karstensen (GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany), Piero Lionello (University of Salento, Italy), Marta Marcos (University of the Balearic Islands, Spain), Pierre-Marie Poulain (Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS), Italy), and Joanna Staneva (Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Germany)
As part of the Copernicus Marine Service, the annual Copernicus Ocean State Report (OSR) launched in 2015 is the key tool of its ocean reporting framework. The OSR reports on the state, variability, and ongoing changes in the marine environment of the global ocean and the European regional seas over the past decades up to close to real time. Using observation-based (remote sensing, in situ) and ocean reanalysis data, the OSR provides a comprehensive 4-dimensional (latitude, longitude, depth, and time) analysis of the Blue, Green, and White Ocean. The OSR is intended to act as a reference, providing a unique ocean monitoring dashboard for the scientific community and for policy makers and others with decision making responsibilities.
How to cite. Karina von Schuckmann (Mercator Ocean International, France), Lorena Moreira (Nologin, Spain), Álvaro de Pascual Collar (Nologin, Spain), Marilaure Grégoire (University of Liège, Belgium), Pierre Brasseur (CNRS, France), Gilles Garric (Mercator Ocean International, France​​​​​​​), Johannes Karstensen (GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany), Piero Lionello (University of Salento, Italy), Marta Marcos (University of the Balearic Islands, Spain), Pierre-Marie Poulain (Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS), Italy), and Joanna Staneva (Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Germany) (Eds.): 9th edition of the Copernicus Ocean State Report (OSR9), Copernicus Publications, State Planet, 6-osr9, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-6-osr9, 2025.

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Volumes
Volumes

Volume 6-osr9, 2025 | 9th edition of the Copernicus Ocean State Report (OSR9)

Editor(s): Karina von Schuckmann (Mercator Ocean International, France), Lorena Moreira (Nologin, Spain), Álvaro de Pascual Collar (Nologin, Spain), Marilaure Grégoire (University of Liège, Belgium), Pierre Brasseur (CNRS, France), Gilles Garric (Mercator Ocean International, France​​​​​​​), Johannes Karstensen (GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany), Piero Lionello (University of Salento, Italy), Marta Marcos (University of the Balearic Islands, Spain), Pierre-Marie Poulain (Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS), Italy), and Joanna Staneva (Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Germany)
As part of the Copernicus Marine Service, the annual Copernicus Ocean State Report (OSR) launched in 2015 is the key tool of its ocean reporting framework. The OSR reports on the state, variability, and ongoing changes in the marine environment of the global ocean and the European regional seas over the past decades up to close to real time. Using observation-based (remote sensing, in situ) and ocean reanalysis data, the OSR provides a comprehensive 4-dimensional (latitude, longitude, depth, and time) analysis of the Blue, Green, and White Ocean. The OSR is intended to act as a reference, providing a unique ocean monitoring dashboard for the scientific community and for policy makers and others with decision making responsibilities.
How to cite. Karina von Schuckmann (Mercator Ocean International, France), Lorena Moreira (Nologin, Spain), Álvaro de Pascual Collar (Nologin, Spain), Marilaure Grégoire (University of Liège, Belgium), Pierre Brasseur (CNRS, France), Gilles Garric (Mercator Ocean International, France​​​​​​​), Johannes Karstensen (GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany), Piero Lionello (University of Salento, Italy), Marta Marcos (University of the Balearic Islands, Spain), Pierre-Marie Poulain (Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS), Italy), and Joanna Staneva (Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Germany) (Eds.): 9th edition of the Copernicus Ocean State Report (OSR9), Copernicus Publications, State Planet, 6-osr9, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-6-osr9, 2025.

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Chapter 1: The state of the ocean
30 Sep 2025
| OSR9 | Chapter 1.1
Global ocean change in the era of the triple planetary crisis
Karina von Schuckmann, Flora Gues, Lorena Moreira, Aurélien Liné, and Álvaro de Pascual Collar
State Planet, 6-osr9, 2, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-6-osr9-2-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-6-osr9-2-2025, 2025
Short summary
30 Sep 2025
| OSR9 | Chapter 1.2
Ocean change in the northeastern Atlantic and adjacent seas: a multi-dimensional challenge for the environment, society, and economy
Karina von Schuckmann, Flora Gues, Lorena Moreira, Aurélien Liné, and Álvaro de Pascual Collar
State Planet, 6-osr9, 3, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-6-osr9-3-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-6-osr9-3-2025, 2025
Short summary
08 Jun 2025
| OSR9 | Chapter 1.3
The 2025 Starfish Barometer
Marina Lévy, Karina von Schuckmann, Patrick Vincent, Bruno Blanke, Joachim Claudet, Patrice Guillotreau, Audrey Hasson, Claire Jolly, Yunne Shin, Olivier Thébaud, Adrien Vincent, and Pierre Bahurel
State Planet, 6-osr9, 1, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-6-osr9-1-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-6-osr9-1-2025, 2025
Short summary
Chapter 2: Updated and new pathways in ocean science
30 Sep 2025
| OSR9 | Chapter 2.1
Micronekton indicators evolution based on biophysically defined provinces
Sarah Albernhe, Thomas Gorgues, Olivier Titaud, Patrick Lehodey, Christophe Menkes, and Anna Conchon
State Planet, 6-osr9, 4, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-6-osr9-4-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-6-osr9-4-2025, 2025
Short summary
30 Sep 2025
| OSR9 | Chapter 2.2
Variations in marine heatwaves and cold spells in the Northwest Atlantic during 1993–2023
Li Zhai, Youyu Lu, Haiyan Wang, Gilles Garric, and Simon Van Gennip
State Planet, 6-osr9, 5, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-6-osr9-5-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-6-osr9-5-2025, 2025
Short summary
30 Sep 2025
| OSR9 | Chapter 2.3
A new conceptual framework for assessing the physical state of the Baltic Sea
Urmas Raudsepp, Ilja Maljutenko, Priidik Lagemaa, and Karina von Schuckmann
State Planet, 6-osr9, 6, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-6-osr9-6-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-6-osr9-6-2025, 2025
Short summary
30 Sep 2025
| OSR9 | Chapter 2.4
Consistent long-term observations of surface phytoplankton functional types from space
Hongyan Xi, Marine Bretagnon, Ehsan Mehdipour, Julien Demaria, Antoine Mangin, and Astrid Bracher
State Planet, 6-osr9, 7, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-6-osr9-7-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-6-osr9-7-2025, 2025
Short summary
Chapter 3: Ocean state and change for relevance to society
30 Sep 2025
| OSR9 | Chapter 3.1
Relationship between variations in sea bottom temperature and American lobster catch rate off southwestern Nova Scotia during 2008–2023
Adam M. Cook, Youyu Lu, Xianmin Hu, David Brickman, David Hebert, Chantelle Layton, and Gilles Garric
State Planet, 6-osr9, 8, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-6-osr9-8-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-6-osr9-8-2025, 2025
Short summary
30 Sep 2025
| OSR9 | Chapter 3.2
Mediterranean marine heatwave 2023: ecosystem and fisheries impacts in Italian waters
Riccardo Martellucci, Francesco Tiralongo, Sofia F. Darmaraki, Michela D'Alessandro, Giorgio Mancinelli, Emanuele Mancini, Roberto Simonini, Milena Menna, Annunziata Pirro, Diego Borme, Rocco Auriemma, Marco Graziano, and Elena Mauri
State Planet, 6-osr9, 9, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-6-osr9-9-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-6-osr9-9-2025, 2025
Short summary
30 Sep 2025
| OSR9 | Chapter 3.3
Insights into sea surface temperature variability and the impact of long-term warming on marine heatwaves in the Mediterranean Sea
Dimitra Denaxa, Gerasimos Korres, Sofia Darmaraki, and Maria Hatzaki
State Planet, 6-osr9, 10, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-6-osr9-10-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-6-osr9-10-2025, 2025
Short summary
Chapter 4: Specific events in the ocean in 2023
30 Sep 2025
| OSR9 | Chapter 4.1
The 2023 marine heatwave in the North Atlantic tropical ocean
Amélie Loubet, Simon J. van Gennip, Romain Bourdallé-Badie, and Marie Drevillon
State Planet, 6-osr9, 11, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-6-osr9-11-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-6-osr9-11-2025, 2025
Short summary
30 Sep 2025
| OSR9 | Chapter 4.2
An analysis of the 2023 summer and fall marine heat waves on the Newfoundland and Labrador Shelf
Nancy Soontiens, Heather J. Andres, Jonathan Coyne, Frédéric Cyr, Peter S. Galbraith, and Jared Penney
State Planet, 6-osr9, 12, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-6-osr9-12-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-6-osr9-12-2025, 2025
Short summary
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