the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
| 29 Oct 2024
A description of existing Operational Ocean Forecasting Services around the Globe
Abstract. Predicting the ocean state in support of human activities, environmental monitoring and policymaking across different regions worldwide is fundamental and require numerical strategies that have to address their physical peculiarities. The Authors provide an outlook on the status of operational ocean forecasting systems in 8 key regions in the world ocean: the West Pacific and Marginal Seas of South and East Asia, the Indian Ocean, the African Seas, the Mediterranean and Black Sea, the North-East Atlantic, the South and Central America Seas, the North America and the Arctic. Starting from the specific regional challenges to address, the Authors discuss on the numerical strategy and available operational systems, pointing out the straightness and the ways forward to improve the essential ocean variables predictability from regional to coastal scales, products reliability and accuracy. This compendium is a baseline to understand the worldwide offer, showing how the heterogeneity of the physical characteristics of ocean dynamics can be addressed thanks to a systematic and regular provisioning of predictions.
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CC1: 'Comment on sp-2024-26', P. Sakov, 05 Nov 2024
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There are a number of factual inaccuracies concerning the Australian forecasting system OceanMAPS.
1. L. 75-76. , "the Blue Link Ocean Forecasting Product by Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)"
(1) The Australian forecasting system developed in Bluelink project is called OceanMAPS.
(2) Bluelink is a cooperation between Royal Australian Navy (RAN), Bureau of Meteorology (BoM), and Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO).
(3) The reference to Schiller et al. 2019 is much outdated. The recent reference is Brassington, G. B., Sakov, P., Divakaran, P., Aijaz, S., Sweeney-Van Kinderen, J., Huang, X., and Allen, S.: OceanMAPS v4. 0i: a global eddy resolving EnKF ocean forecasting system, in: OCEANS 2023-Limerick, IEEE, 1–8, https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANSLimerick52467.2023.10244383, 2023.
2. In Table at l. 90-95, row 10: "BLUELINK (Ocean Forecasting Australia Model (OFAM3))" should be changed to OceanMAPS; "Global/Regionsl" should be changed to "Global"; "CSIRO" should be changed to "BoM" because all development in Bluelink is coordinated by BoM; the web reference should be changed to https://reg.bom.gov.au/oceanography/forecasts/system-info.shtml.
3. The authors may want to note that since v4.0 (operational since June 2022) OceanMAPS is using the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). In fact, it is the first and so far the only global eddy resolving operational ocean forecasting system using "4D" data assimilation method.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-26-CC1 -
AC1: 'Reply on CC1', Mauro Cirano, 30 Nov 2024
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Thank you for indicating these remarks. The suggestions will be incorporated in the revised version of the manuscript.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-26-AC1
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AC1: 'Reply on CC1', Mauro Cirano, 30 Nov 2024
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RC1: 'Comment on sp-2024-26', Pierre-Yves Le Traon, 08 Dec 2024
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The paper presents an overview of the status of operational ocean forecasting systems in 8 key regions in the world ocean : the West Pacific and Marginal Seas of South and East Asia, the Indian Ocean, the African Seas, the Mediterranean and Black Sea, the North-East Atlantic, the South and Central America Seas, the North America and the Arctic. This is not an easy task but the paper provides a useful summary of the existing operational oceanography offer. The paper needs, however, to be improved in several ways before it can be accepted :
- A general introduction is needed where the authors should explain how the international ocean prediction community is organized at global level through the OceanPredict international programme and the role now played by the UN OceanPrediction DCC (e.g. DCC regional teams, DCC atlas that will provide up to date information on the different systems including operational readiness level information) . Explain also the scope of the paper : physical systems including wave and sea ice ? BGC systems ? real time and reanalyses ? and the methodology used to gather this information and its limitation (you cannot be comprehensive in particular for coastal systems). You should also limit the scope to operational systems for which data are readily available.
- Global systems should be described in a specific section as they all serve the 8 regions. Explain in addition the role of global systems to provide boundary conditions to regional and coastal systems.
- There is strong need to homogenize the description of the different systems (including for tables that should all have the same content). Provide core information to all systems you describe (eg model resolution, assimilated data sets, physics or physics + BGC) . A recent and an up to date reference should also be provided for all systems you mention and the way to access products (e.g. URL).
Specific comments :
Abstract : physical peculiarities ? What do you mean ? What about biogeochemical ?
Abstract : Authors => authors
Abstract : is the scope limited to physical systems ?
Abstract : « and the ways forward to improve the essential ocean variables predictability from regional to coastal scales, products reliability and accuracy ». This is not or barely discussed in the paper
Line 57 : « we explore the collaborative efforts and international initiatives aimed at enhancing global ocean forecasting ». Where ?
Need consistent information for all tables and all regions, e.g. model resolution, assimilated data sets, URL to access forecasts.
Use Copernicus Marine / Copernicus Marine Service instead of CMEMS everywhere in the paper
Table 4. 2.3 degree => 2.3 km ?
Line 283. From the GLORYS Copernicus Marine reanalyses producted by Mercator Ocean International.
Line 459. Figure 5 should be removed. It is no more up to date and includes operational and non operational systems. The main message should be operational systems are organized through the Copernicus marine service and are interfaced to a series of downstream coastal systems organized a national level
Page 12. IBI MFC developed by Mercator Ocean International (MOi) and operated by NOLOGIN as part of the EU Copernicus Marine Service.
Line 342. MFS INGV is the Med Sea Copernicus Marine MFC described above. To be removed.
Line 425. The Copernicus Marine Service (CMEMS) (CMS is not the right acronym for Copernicus Marine. When an acronym is needed, CMEMS should be used)
Section 9.1 add the Mercator Ocean global model 1/12° here (part of Copernicus Marine)
Line 697. Suggest to remove this paragraph on statistical model (out of scope – or you should do it in the other sections, eg AI based forecasts).
Explain that all European operational ocean prediction activities in global and regional operational oceanography are federated as part of the Copernicus Marine Service (marine.copernicus.eu) implemented by Mercator Ocean International and are available through a common marine data store and a common user service component.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-26-RC1
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