Preprints
https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-20
https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-20
20 Sep 2024
 | 20 Sep 2024
Status: this preprint is currently under review for the journal SP.

Data assimilation schemes for ocean forecasting: state of the art

Matthew J. Martin, Ibrahim Hoteit, Laurent Bertino, and Andrew M. Moore

Abstract. Data assimilation is a process for integrating models and observations into comprehensive and reliable estimates of the ocean state. It is used to produce near-real time initial conditions (analyses) from which ocean forecasts are produced and to generate reconstructions of the past state of the ocean (reanalyses). Here we provide an overview of the methods currently used in ocean systems for assimilating satellite and in-situ observations, together with a brief review of methods being developed which will be implemented in future operational systems, including the use of machine-learning techniques that provide a way to improve their efficiency. A list of data assimilation software used by most of the global and regional operational ocean forecasting systems is provided, together with its availability. A discussion of practical considerations for employing data assimilation software and techniques operationally is also given, including the types of observations which are commonly used, and the implementation choices made by existing operational systems at global and regional scales is summarized.

Publisher's note: Copernicus Publications remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims made in the text, published maps, institutional affiliations, or any other geographical representation in this preprint. The responsibility to include appropriate place names lies with the authors.
Matthew J. Martin, Ibrahim Hoteit, Laurent Bertino, and Andrew M. Moore

Status: open (extended)

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • CC1: 'Comment on sp-2024-20', P. Sakov, 24 Sep 2024 reply
    • AC1: 'Reply on CC1', Matthew Martin, 24 Sep 2024 reply
  • RC1: 'Comment on sp-2024-20', G. C. Smith, 25 Oct 2024 reply
  • CC2: 'Comment on sp-2024-20', Lars Nerger, 11 Nov 2024 reply
Matthew J. Martin, Ibrahim Hoteit, Laurent Bertino, and Andrew M. Moore
Matthew J. Martin, Ibrahim Hoteit, Laurent Bertino, and Andrew M. Moore

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Short summary
Observations of the ocean from satellites and platforms in the ocean are combined with information from computer models to produce predictions of how the ocean temperature, salinity and currents will evolve over the coming days and weeks, as well as to describe how the ocean has evolved in the past. This paper summarises the methods used to produce these ocean forecasts at various centres around the world and outlines the practical considerations for implementing such forecasting systems.
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