Spreading the Message: Capacity Development and Ocean Literacy

Abstract. Ocean literacy and capacity development aim to bridge knowledge gaps at various levels and ocean forecasting is the engine that can support the overcoming of such limits, easing the connections between science and society through data and information. Ocean literacy focuses on understanding the fundamental reason behind ocean processes – the “know-why” that brings awareness of human impacts on our ocean and supports more informed decision-making, disseminating knowledge about the importance of preserving, protecting and sustaining the marine environment. Capacity development, on the other side, offers processes to enhance abilities and skills for implementing solutions, achieving goals and supporting collaboration. This review discusses ocean literacy activities as driven by IOC-UNESCO to support Sustainable Development Goals for increasing knowledge and awareness of climate change and marine resources. It also offers an overview of primary frameworks for capacity development in ocean science through education, training and community exchanges, describing existing initiatives from global to regional scale. These frameworks are constantly evolving and must continue to be refined, particularly in identifying the best approaches, evaluating the impact on such initiatives and increasing their efficiency and effectiveness.