Ocean prediction: present status and state of the art
Ocean prediction: present status and state of the art
Editor(s): Enrique Álvarez Fanjul (Mercator Ocean International, France), Stefania Angela Ciliberti (Nologin Oceanic Weather Systems, Spain), Jay Pearlman (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), France), Kirsten Wilmer-Becker (Met Office, United Kingdom), and Swadhin Behera (JAMSTEC, Japan)

Ocean prediction services have been improving and evolving during the last decades, and today are a crucial tool for decision-making in multiple socio-economic sectors, being the backbone of applications to improve marine safety, disaster risk reduction, coastal zone management, and many others. This report describes the actual status of ocean forecasting, detailing its degree of development in the different regions of the world and the most recent advances in all the relevant specific aspects associated with the technology, such as artificial intelligence, and cloud computing. This publication is the result of a coordinated work of a group of experts integrated in the so-called Ocean Forecasting Co-Design, integrated in the OceanPrediction Decade Collaborative Center, a cross-cutting collaborative centre of the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. It has been prepared in close collaboration with several Decade Programmes that are closely linked to OceanPrediction DCC, such as Foresea, OceanPractices, DITTO, GEMS-ocean, and Coastpredict. The result is a complete picture of the situation of ocean prediction that demonstrates its relevance and will foster future developments to overcome the present-day limitations.

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09 Oct 2024
Atmospheric Forcing as a driver for Ocean Forecasting
Andreas Schiller, Simon A. Josey, John Siddorn, and Ibrahim Hoteit
State Planet Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-13,https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-13, 2024
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07 Oct 2024
Numerical Models for Simulating Ocean Physics
Michael J. Bell, Yann Drillet, Matthew Martin, Andreas Schiller, and Stefania Ciliberti
State Planet Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-41,https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-41, 2024
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07 Oct 2024
A description of Model Intercomparison Processes and Techniques for Ocean Forecasting
Fabrice Hernandez, Marcos Garcia Sotillo, and Angelique Melet
State Planet Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-39,https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-39, 2024
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07 Oct 2024
OceanPrediction Decade Collaborative Center: Connecting the world around ocean forecasting
Enrique Alvarez Fanjul and Pierre Bahurel
State Planet Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-34,https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-34, 2024
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01 Oct 2024
Improving Accuracy and providing Uncertainty Estimations: Ensemble Methodologies for Ocean Forecasting
Ibrahim Hoteit, Eric Chassignet, and Mike Bell
State Planet Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-10,https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-10, 2024
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30 Sep 2024
Distributed Environments for Ocean Forecasting: the role of Cloud Computing
Stefania Ciliberti and Gianpaolo Coro
State Planet Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-37,https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-37, 2024
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27 Sep 2024
Merging and serving Ocean Observations: a description of Marine Data Aggregators
Antonio Novellino, Pierre-Yves Le Traon, and Andy Moore
State Planet Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-23,https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-23, 2024
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27 Sep 2024
Towards Earth System Modeling: Coupled Ocean Forecasting
Ségolène Berthou, John Siddorn, Vivian Fraser-Leonhardt, Pierre-Yves Le Traon, and Ibrahim Hoteit
State Planet Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-28,https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-28, 2024
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26 Sep 2024
End User Applications for Ocean Forecasting: present status description
Antonio Novellino, Alain Arnaud, Andreas Schiller, and Liying Wan
State Planet Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-25,https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-25, 2024
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26 Sep 2024
Numerical Models for Monitoring and Forecasting Sea Level: a short description of present status
Angelique Melet, Begoña Pérez Gómez, and Pascal Matte
State Planet Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-27,https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-27, 2024
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26 Sep 2024
Unlocking the Power of Parallel Computing: GPU technologies for Ocean Forecasting
Andrew Porter and Patrick Heimbach
State Planet Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-32,https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-32, 2024
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26 Sep 2024
Spreading the Message: Capacity Development and Ocean Literacy
Romane Zufic and Cécile Thomas-Courcoux
State Planet Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-11,https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-11, 2024
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24 Sep 2024
The Role of Rivers in Ocean Forecasting
Pascal Matte, John Wilkin, and Joanna Staneva
State Planet Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-9,https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-9, 2024
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23 Sep 2024
Numerical Models for Monitoring and Forecasting Ocean Biogeochemistry: a short description of present status
Gianpiero Cossarini, Andy Moore, Stefano Ciavatta, and Katja Fennel
State Planet Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-8,https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-8, 2024
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20 Sep 2024
Data assimilation schemes for ocean forecasting: state of the art
Matthew J. Martin, Ibrahim Hoteit, Laurent Bertino, and Andrew M. Moore
State Planet Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-20,https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-20, 2024
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20 Sep 2024
Numerical Models for Monitoring and Forecasting Sea Ice: a short description of present status
Laurent Bertino, Patrick Heimbach, Ed Blockley, and Einar Ólason
State Planet Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-24,https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-24, 2024
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20 Sep 2024
Crafting the Future: Machine Learning for Ocean Forecasting
Patrick Heimbach, Fearghal O'Donncha, Jose Maria Garcia-Valdecasas, Alain Arnaud, and Liying Wan
State Planet Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-18,https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-18, 2024
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19 Sep 2024
An Introduction to Operational Chains in Ocean Forecasting
Liying Wan, Marcos Garcia Sotillo, Mike Bell, Yann Drillet, Roland Aznar, and Stefania Ciliberti
State Planet Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-21,https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-21, 2024
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19 Sep 2024
A description of Validation Processes and Techniques for Ocean Forecasting
Marcos G. Sotillo, Marie Drevillon, and Fabrice Hernandez
State Planet Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-33,https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-33, 2024
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19 Sep 2024
Ocean Forecasting at the Regional Scale: Actual Status
Marina Tonani, Eric Chassignet, Mauro Cirano, Yasumasa Miyazawa, and Begoña Pérez Gómez
State Planet Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-30,https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-30, 2024
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