Report  

This chapter provides an overview of best practice in ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) laboratory experimentation by identifying the criteria to achieve the best laboratory practice, providing guidance on which parameters to measure to capture important chemical and biological responses and identifying additional parameters to conduct inter-lab comparisons. The guidance provided in this chapter is critical to in order to gain critical information to move OAE research to the field.

Mesocosm experiments represent a highly valuable tool in determining the safe operating space of OAE applications. By combining realism and biological complexity with controllability and replication they provide an ideal OAE test bed and a critical stepping stone towards field applications. Mesocosm approaches can also be helpful in testing the efficacy, efficiency and permanence of OAE applications.

Ocean alkalinity enhancement if a promising approach for long-term anthropogenic carbon dioxide sequestration, required to avoid catastrophic climate change. In this chapter we describe its impacts on seawater carbonate chemistry speciation and highlight pitfalls that need to be avoided during sampling, storage, measurement and calculations.

This article examines the legal considerations for research into ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE). It analyzes relevant international law to identify minimum rules and standards that domestic laws may wish to incorporate. Domestic law should ideally align with international standards and assist researchers to design OAE research projects. Collaboration between different disciplines helps develop a comprehensive legal framework for responsible OAE research, minimizing negative impacts.

This chapter describes biogeochemical models and modeling techniques for applications related to Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement (OAE) research. Many of the most pressing OAE-related research questions cannot be addressed by observation along and will require a combination of skillful models and observations. We present illustrative examples with references to further information, describe limitations, caveats, and future research needs, and provide practical recommendations.

Reaching promised climate targets will required the deployment of carbon dioxide removal (CDR). Marine CDR options receive more and more interest. Based on idealized theoretical studies, Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement (OAE) appears as a promising marine CDR method. We provide an overview on the current situation of developing OAE as marine CDR method, and describe the history that has led to the creation of the OAE research Best Practices Guide.

Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is a marine carbon dioxide removal (CDR) approach. Publicly funded research projects have begun, and philanthropic funding and start-ups are collectively pushing the field forward. This rapid progress in research activities has created an urgent need to learn if and how OAE can work at scale. This chapter of the Best Practices Guide to OAE research focuses on field experiments.

Introduction to the section 4 on Research methods for Ocean Alkalinization Enhacemment. This chapter summarizes some key general considerations for experimental design as well as compare strengths and weaknesses of the different approaches. It also considers best-practices relevant to Ocean Alkalinization Enhacemment such as the need to properly monitor and consider the addition of trace elements and by-products as well as the potential interactions with other naturally occurring drivers.

In addition to emissions reductions, methods of actively removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere must be considered. One of these methods, called ocean alkalinity enhancement, is currently being studied to evaluate its effectiveness and safety. This article details best practices for the study of natural systems to support the development of ocean alkalinity enhancement as a carbon dioxide removal strategy. Relevant earth system processes are discussed, along with methods to study them.

This chapter offers comprehensive guidelines for ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) researchers on preparing their metadata and data for submission to long-term archives. These guidelines features data standards for a wide range of OAE study types and a metadata template that is universally applicable all major types of OAE studies. Controlled vocabularies for many groups of terms, including alkalinization methods, are provided. These guidelines are also applicable to ocean acidification data.

To ensure that OAE research is attentive to societal priorities and does not prematurely engender widespread social rejection, it will be critical to understand the conditions most likely to lead to social approval. To facilitate this, we (1) characterize what is known to date about public perceptions of OAE; (2) provide suggestions on how to conduct public engagement, and; (3) suggest how knowledge gained can be integrated into ongoing scientific work.

This is the MRV chapter of the OAE Best Practice Guide.

Ocean alkalinity enhancement technologies refer to various methods and approaches aimed at increasing the alkalinity of seawater. This chapter explore technologies for increasing ocean alkalinity including electrochemical-based approaches, ocean liming, accelerated weathering of limestone, hydrated carbonate addition, and coastal enhanced weathering, and suggests best practices in research and development.